| Citation: |
LI Hui, WU Xianyan, WU Meiqin, et al. Impact compression properties of three-dimensional five directional carbon fiber/epoxy resin braided composite circular tubes at elevated temperatures[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica.
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Three-dimensional five-directional (3D5D) carbon fiber/epoxy resin braided composite circular tubes were prepared by using 1×1 four - step circular braiding technology and resin transfer molding (RTM) process. Axial impact compression tests of the 3D5D carbon fiber/epoxy resin braided composite circular tubes were carried out using a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) equipped with a high-temperature device in environments of ambient temperature (20℃) and elevated temperature fields (80℃, 110℃, 140℃, 170℃). According to the experimental results, the coupled effects of temperature and strain rate on the impact compression performance and failure behavior of the 3D5D carbon fiber/epoxy resin braided composite circular tubes were revealed. Macroscopic and microscopic morphology observations and analyses of the specimens after impact compression failure were performed by combining a stereo microscope and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The research results show that the mechanical properties of 3D5D carbon fiber/epoxy resin braided composite circular tubes are significantly affected by the temperature and strain rate. At ambient temperature, the impact compression performance of the 3D5D carbon fiber/epoxy resin braided composite circular tubes is stable, and the increase of strain rate can improve the mechanical properties such as compressive strength and compressive modulus of the material. The failure mode is mainly fiber breakage. In elevated temperature field, the mechanical properties of the material decrease. The impact compression resistance decreases with increasing temperature. The failure modes include resin softening and fiber - resin interface debonding. The influence of the strain rate on the mechanical properties will change due to high temperature interference.
With the increasing demand for lightweight and high-strength materials in fields such as aerospace and national defense military industry, composite materials based on carbon fiber-reinforced resin matrices have received extensive attention due to their excellent specific strength and specific stiffness. 3D braided composite circular tubes are widely used in space structural components or load-bearing structural components, such as the discontinuous structures of rocket connection stages, the energy absorption devices of automobile side members, and the drive shafts of helicopters. Moreover, carbon fiber composite materials prepared by the 3D5D braiding technique not only maintain the good in-plane properties of traditional laminates but also significantly improve the mechanical properties in the Z direction and the delamination resistance. However, during the actual service process, composites components will inevitably be affected by different temperature field environments and often bear various impact loads. Therefore, it is necessary to fully understand the impact compression behavior of 3D braided composite circular tubes under different temperature fields. This is crucial for predicting the mechanical behavior of composite materials under various working conditions and can provide a basis for structural design in fields such as aerospace and automobiles, thereby ensuring the safety and reliability of relevant designs.
Three-dimensional five-directional (3D5D) carbon fiber/epoxy resin braided composite circular tubes were prepared by using 1×1 four - step circular braiding technology and Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) process. Axial impact compression tests of the 3D5D carbon fiber/epoxy resin braided composite circular tubes were carried out using a Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) equipped with a high-temperature device in environments of ambient temperature (20℃) and elevated temperature fields (80℃, 110℃, 140℃, 170℃). According to the experimental results, the coupled effects of temperature and strain rate on the impact compression performance and failure behavior of the 3D5D carbon fiber/epoxy resin braided composite circular tubes were revealed. Macroscopic and microscopic morphology observations and analyses of the specimens after impact compression failure were performed by combining a stereo micro-scope and a scanning electron microscope (SEM).
1. Under the condition of room temperature (20℃), with the increase in strain rate, the mechanical properties such as the compressive strength and compressive modulus of the 3D5D carbon fiber/epoxy resin braided composite circular tubes show an obvious upward trend. This is because a higher strain rate enables carbon fibers to bear the load more effectively and makes the stress transfer inside the material more efficient. At this time, the failure mode of the material is mainly manifested as fiber breakage. The fibers reach their ultimate strength and break when subjected to relatively large stress. This failure mode is relatively simple and direct, and to a certain extent, the structural integrity of the material can be maintained throughout the impact compression process. 2. When in a high-temperature field, with the increase in temperature, the mechanical properties of the 3D5D carbon fiber/epoxy resin braided composite circular tubes decline significantly. Under different high-temperature conditions such as 80℃, 110℃, 140℃ and 170℃, the impact compression resistance of the material gradually weakens. High temperature softens the epoxy resin matrix, reducing its bonding and supporting effects on carbon fibers. Meanwhile, high temperature will lead to a decrease in the interfacial bonding strength between carbon fibers and the epoxy resin, so that stress cannot be effectively transferred between the fibers and the matrix during the impact compression process. This decline in mechanical properties is manifested as the reduction of compressive strength and compressive modulus with the increase in temperature, and the overall load-bearing capacity and deformation resistance of the material are seriously affected. In the high-temperature field, the failure mode of the 3D5D carbon fiber/epoxy resin braided composite circular tubes is different from that at room temperature. Macroscopically, there is a large area of deformation in the circular tubes after impact. Microscopically, the debonding between the fibers and the resin interface is severe, there are many fiber pull-out marks, the matrix cracks over a large range, and the structural integrity of the material is seriously damaged. 3. In a high-temperature field, the influence of the strain rate on the mechanical properties of 3D5D carbon fiber/epoxy resin braided composite circular tubes changes due to the interference of high temperature. At higher temperatures, even if the strain rate increases, the improvement range of the mechanical properties of the material is not as obvious as that at room temperature. This is because high temperature has already damaged the matrix and interface properties of the material, limiting the role of the strain rate in improving the material properties. At higher temperatures, even if the strain rate increases, the improvement of the modulus retention ratio is very limited. Moreover, due to the changes in the internal structure of the material caused by high temperature, the modulus retention ratio may even decrease with the increase of the strain rate. And the increase in temperature reduces the difference in the failure modes of the material under different strain rates. At high temperatures and high strain rates, the material simultaneously exhibits multiple failure forms such as fiber breakage, matrix softening and interface debonding, making the mechanical properties and failure behaviors of the material more complicated.Conclusions: The mechanical properties of 3D5D carbon fiber/epoxy resin braided composite circular tubes are significantly affected by the temperature and strain rate. At ambient temperature, the impact compression performance of the 3D5D carbon fiber/epoxy resin braided composite circular tubes is stable, and the increase of strain rate can improve the mechanical properties such as compressive strength and compressive modulus of the material. The failure mode was mainly fiber breakage. In elevated temperature field, the mechanical properties of the material decrease. The impact compression resistance decreases with increasing temperature. The failure modes include resin softening and fiber - resin interface debonding. The influence of the strain rate on the mechanical properties will change due to high temperature interference.
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