| Citation: |
YI Song, DAI Maosen, LAN Yuanheng, et al. Effect of mineral microcapsules on self-healing properties of cement mortar[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica, 2025, 42(5): 2805-2818.
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Cement-based composites are prone to cracking under the influence of many physical and chemical factors, which affects their durability. Improving the crack self-healing performance of cement-based composites is the key to improve their durability and reduce the maintenance cost throughout their life cycle. Therefore, based on the three functional characteristics of crystal expansion, water storage and release, and auxiliary reinforcement, this paper developed an all-inorganic microcapsule cement-based crack self-healing material integrating repair and reinforcement, with three minerals, namely composite expansion agent, Na-bentonite and talc powder, as the core material, and alkali exciting material (water glass stimulated metakaolin) as the wall material. Based on the study of intrinsic mechanical properties, with strength recovery rate, crack width healing rate and crack area healing rate as evaluation indexes, the influence of microcapsule on the crack self-healing effect of cement mortar specimens was explored, and the self-healing mechanisms were analyzed through microscopic testing. The results show that the strength of mortar increases first and then decreases with the increase of microcapsule content. When the dosage is 10%, the 28d flexural and compressive strengths of mortar are the highest, which are 6.17% and 4.39% higher than that of blank group, respectively. With the same dosage, the strength recovery rate reaches 115.5% after secondary cured in water for 28 days, and both the average and normalized crack area healing rates are 100% and 72.3%, respectively, at 35d, which are much higher than 55.3% and 37.7% of the blank group. The XRD and SEM analysis show that under the condition of secondary curing, a large number of hydration products such as Ca(OH)2, AFt, CaCO3, Mg3Ca(CO3)4 and C-S-H gel with micro-expansion, high strength and good cementitious properties are generated at the crack, so as to realize rapid filling, repairing and reinforcing of cracks.
Cement-based composites are prone to cracking under the influence of many physical and chemical factors, which affects their durability. Microcapsule technology is an effective and promising self-healing method to delay the occurrence and realize self-healing of concrete cracks. In view of the current difficult problems of poor compatibility between microcapsules and cement-based materials and low strength recovery rate after repair, an all-inorganic self-healing microcapsule is developed and its influence on the mechanical properties, the crack self-healing effect, and mechanisms of cement mortars were explored.
The self-healing effect was explored using the strength recovery rate, crack width healing rate and crack area healing rate. Moreover, the self-healing mechanism was analyzed through microscopic testing. Firstly, the inorganic mineral microcapsules were prepared by granulation and spraying method with expansion agent, Na-bentonite and talc powder as the core material and alkali exciting material as wall material. Secondly, the mortar specimens were fabricated using the as-prepared microcapsule instead of fine aggregate, and the effect of microcapsule on the mechanical properties was explored. Then, the 7-day mortar specimens were prepressed to 80% of the initial compressive strength and placed in water for the secondary curing. The secondary compressive strength was measured at the requirement age and the recovery rate of compressive strength was calculated. At the same time, 100-400 μm cracks were prefabricated on another specimen cured for 7 days. After measuring the initial crack width, the specimens with cracks were placed in water for the secondary curing to be observed at corresponding ages, and the crack area was measured by image processing software Image J, so as to calculate the crack width healing rate and area healing rate. Finally, the products from repaired cracks in specimen were analyzed by XED and SEM.
The results are mainly as follows: ① The mechanical properties of mortar increase first and then decrease with the increase of microcapsule content from 5 wt. % to 15 wt. %. When the dosage is 10%, the 28-day flexural and compressive strengths are increased by 6.17 % and 4.39 %, respectively, compared with the blank group. ② The incorporation of microcapsules significantly improve the strength recovery rate of mortar specimens. When the dosage is 10 %, the strength recovery rate of 28d mortar specimen is 115.5%, which is much higher than 86.8 % of the blank group. ③ The crack width healing rate of mortar matrix is increasing with the extension of secondary curing time in water. Compared with the blank group, the crack width healing rate is significantly improved by the incorporation of microcapsules. Especially when the dosage of microcapsule is 10%, the crack width healing rate of most cracks is between 5 %-50 % after the specimens cured in water for 3 days. The 100-200 μm cracks are completely healed after cured in water for 10 days, and the maximum width of completely healing increase to 330 μm at 20d. The healing rate of cracks with a width below 350 μm reaches 100 % at 35d. ④ With the extension of the secondary curing time in water, the self-healing rate of crack area also showed an increasing trend. After 35 days of secondary curing, the average area self-healing rate and normalized area self-healing rate of cracks of the specimens with 10% microcapsule mortar reaches 100% and 72.3%, respectively, which were much higher than 55.3% and 37.7% of the blank group. ⑤ According to XRD and SEM analysis, when the matrix ruptures and causes the microcapsule to crack, the core material interacts with water and CO, etc., and a large number of hydraulic repair substances such as expanded Ca(OH) and AFt crystals, high-strength CaCO and MgCa(CO) crystals, and C-S-H gel with high bonding force are generated at the crack. The effect of microcapsule dosage on crack self-healing is greater than that of the secondary curing ages.Conclusions: The incorporation of as-prepared all inorganic mineral microcapsules have good compatibility with mortar matrix and can generate a large number of functional hydration products with good compatibility with cement matrix at the crack after ruptured under the action of external stress. This comprehensively improves the mechanical properties and self-healing properties of mortar, and realizes the dual functions of self-healing and reinforcement.
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