| Citation: |
ZHANG Bei, CHAO Min, LI Xiaodong, et al. Preparation and properties of flexible MXene-carbon black/polyimide electromagnetic shielding composite films with harsh environment resistance[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica, 2025, 42(6): 3095-3107.
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Conductive polymer composites (CPC) are gradually replacing traditional metal-based electromagnetic shielding materials due to their advantages of low price, light weight, high specific strength, corrosion resistance, and excellent shielding performance, etc. However, the traditional polymers are less resistant to harsh environments, such as extreme temperatures, acidic and alkaline solutions, which affects the electromagnetic shielding performance of CPC in harsh environments (EMI SE) and makes it difficult to satisfy the needs of special environments and other It is difficult to meet the needs of special environments and other fields. Therefore, it is still a challenge to explore flexible multifunctional EM shielding materials with simple preparation methods and suitable for extreme environments. In this paper, MXene-carbon black/polyimide (MXene-CB/MCP) composite films with high electromagnetic shielding efficiency were successfully prepared by the scraping method and thermal imidization process. Due to the good electrical conductivity of MXene and carbon black (CB) and the synergistic effect between them, the EMI SE and the ratio of electromagnetic shielding effectiveness to thickness (EMI SE/t) of the MXene-CB/MCP -35 composite film with a thickness of 80 μm were 24.06 dB and 300.75 dB/mm, respectively, in the frequency range of 8.2-12.4 GHz, and after complex environmental treatment, the composite film was successfully fabricated. The composite films show stable EMI shielding performance even after complex environmental treatment. In addition, the composite films have excellent mechanical properties, with the average tensile strength of the MXene-CB/MCP -35 composite film still reaching 100.40 MPa. The films also have excellent thermal stability and flame retardancy.
The rapid development of aerospace weaponry, wireless base stations and 5G communication technology inevitably brings problems such as electromagnetic radiation and electromagnetic interference. The use of electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials can effectively block the spread of the increasingly serious EMI pollution and avoid the problems caused by electromagnetic radiation. Conductive polymer composites (CPC) are gradually replacing traditional metal-based EMI shielding materials with their advantages of low price, light weight, high specific strength, corrosion resistance, easy processing, and excellent shielding performance. However, traditional polymers are relatively weak in terms of their ability to withstand harsh conditions such as extreme temperatures, acidic and alkaline solutions, which may adversely affect the stability of the electromagnetic shielding performance (EMI SE) of CPCs in these environments. Therefore, in this paper, PI, which has excellent mechanical properties, thermal stability and weatherability, is used as the polymer matrix. CB, which has good conductivity and low cost, is used as the main conductive filler, supplemented by MXene nanosheets, a two-dimensional filler, to construct a conductive network to further reduce the resistivity. Finally, MXene-CB/PI composite films were successfully prepared by scraping method and thermal imidization process.
Flexible MXene-carbon black/polyimide (MXene-CB/MCP) composite films with harsh environment resistance were prepared by in situ polymerization and scraping method to study in detail the microstructure, mechanical properties, thermal stability, flame retardancy, and electromagnetic shielding efficacy of the films, and to explore the electromagnetic shielding efficacy of the films after treatment in different harsh environments.
1. FTIR and XRD results indicate the successful introduction of MXene and CB, and the successful preparation of MXene-CB/MCP composite films.2. MXene-CB/MCP -35 composite films have excellent mechanical properties with average tensile strengths up to 100.40 MPa. 3. With the increase of MXene and CB content, the conductive network is further complete, and the conductivity of MXene-CB/MCP composite films increases and the resistivity decreases.The electrical conductivity of MXene-CB/MCP-35 composite films increases to 6.74 S/cm, which is 6027 % higher compared to MXene-CB/MCP-10 composite films. The conductivity of MXene-CB/MCP-35 composite film increased to 6.74 S/cm, which is 6027 % higher than that of MXene-CB/MCP-10 composite film. 4. All the films started to show significant weight loss only above 520℃, indicating that all the composite films have excellent thermal stability. The introduction of MXene and CB with good thermal stability resulted in the MXene-CB/MCP-35 composite films having significantly higher carbon residues at 800℃ than the other films. 5. The increase of MXene and CB content, the more complete the conductive network formed in the composite, the better the absorption and attenuation of electromagnetic waves.The best EMI SET value of 24.06 dB was obtained for the MXene-CB/MCP-35 composite film, with an improvement of 560.99 % compared to the MXene-CB/MCP-10 composite film (3.64 dB), and the shielding efficiency of 99.61 %. The average EMI SE of the films before and after different environmental treatments is almost unchanged, with good environmental stability.6. Checking the literature to analyze the electromagnetic shielding mechanism of MXene-CB/MCP composite film, when electromagnetic waves hit the surface of MXene-CB/MCP composite film, the reflection, absorption and transmission of electromagnetic waves will occur. Normally, when electromagnetic waves are incident on the surface of MXene-CB/MCP composite films, due to the high conductivity of the conductive layer, which leads to impedance mismatch, a part of the electromagnetic wave is immediately reflected back, and the rest of the electromagnetic wave continues to propagate inward, and the conduction loss generated by interaction with the free electrons of the MXene and the CB inside the film leads to a significant decrease in the energy of the electromagnetic wave. With the increase of the conductive filler content, the enhanced conductive network gradually improves the electron conduction ability, which further promotes the loss of electromagnetic waves by the MXene-CB/MCP composite films. The interfacial polarization loss caused by the asymmetric charge distribution at the MXene/PI, CB/MXene and CB/PI interfaces, as well as the dipole polarization loss generated by the defects and the end-functional groups to the electromagnetic waves are absorbed inside the film. In addition, multiple reflections of electromagnetic waves occur between the interfaces inside the film, and the undissipated electromagnetic waves are transmitted through the shielding material. Conclusions: MXene-carbon black/polyimide (MXene-CB/MCP) composite films with stable electromagnetic shielding efficacy, excellent thermal stability, flame retardancy, and good mechanical properties have been synthesized by a simple scraping and thermal imidization method. Due to the synergistic effect between MXene and CB, the MXene-CB/MCP-35 composite film with a thickness of 80 μm exhibits an EMI SE of 24.06 dB and an SE/t of 300.75 dB/mm over the frequency range of 8.2-12.4 GHz with a shielding efficiency of 99.61%, and it also exhibits stable EMI shielding performance even after extreme environmental treatment. The composite film still exhibits stable EMI shielding performance after extreme environmental treatment.
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