HE Mingyang, FU Guang, JIN Shangkun, et al. Research progress in prediction of mechanical properties of porous materials based on machine learning[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica.
Citation: HE Mingyang, FU Guang, JIN Shangkun, et al. Research progress in prediction of mechanical properties of porous materials based on machine learning[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica.

Research progress in prediction of mechanical properties of porous materials based on machine learning

Funds: This work was supported by Guizhou University Fund Project, China ([2021]87, [2024]14 and [2024]03), Guizhou Province Science and Technology Foundation, China (BQW[2024]011 and ZK[2023]078).
More Information
  • Received Date: September 09, 2024
  • Revised Date: October 20, 2024
  • Accepted Date: November 03, 2024
  • Available Online: November 21, 2024
  • Porous materials have attracted much attention due to their wide potential applications. Traditionally, research on the mechanical properties of porous materials has mainly relied on time-consuming and cumbersome experimental and theoretical analysis methods. In recent years, machine learning technology has provided an efficient solution to simplify the complex relationship between porous material parameters and mechanical properties. This article reviews the latest research progress of machine learning in predicting the mechanical properties of porous materials. Firstly, commonly used machine learning algorithms were introduced, with a focus on analyzing the application of neural network prediction methods in this field. This method was summarized into three major strategies: mechanism model driven neural network, integration of neural networks and mechanistic model, and integration of neural network and optimization technology. Then, the basic principles and applications of the above strategies were analyzed in detail. Finally, we discussed how to develop more efficient hybrid models by improving neural network technology and integrating it with optimization algorithms, and looked forward to the development prospects of neural networks in this field.

  • Objectives 

    Porous materials have received high attention in the fields of energy absorption, shock absorption, and thermal insulation due to their unique physical properties and wide application prospects. However, traditional experimental testing and theoretical analysis methods face problems such as high cost, complexity, and computational time when studying the mechanical properties of porous materials. In recent years, machine learning, especially the application of neural networks, has provided efficient solutions for predicting the mechanical properties of porous materials. Exploring the application and effectiveness of neural networks in the performance evaluation of porous materials has important academic and practical significance.

    Methods 

    Given the complexity of porous material structures and their optimization requirements in material design, this paper summarizes the strategies for applying neural networks to predict the mechanical properties of porous materials into three categories: (1) mechanism model driven neural networks, which utilize data-driven neural networks generated based on mechanism models to provide prior knowledge through physical models and guide neural networks to handle complex nonlinear problems; (2) Integrating mechanism models with neural networks, by embedding physical information to constrain the model in limited data, significantly improves the accuracy, efficiency, and physical precision of the model, making it perform better in handling complex physical problems; (3) The integration of neural networks and optimization techniques, combined with optimization algorithms such as genetic algorithms, enhances the global search capability of neural networks, improves predictive performance and computational efficiency.

    Results 

    In practical applications, the three strategies demonstrated different advantages. The mechanism model driven neural network strategy can generate high-quality training data through theoretical models under limited data or experimental conditions, thereby improving the model's generalization ability and prediction accuracy, especially suitable for porous material systems with clear physical laws. The integration strategy of mechanism models and neural networks is suitable for dealing with highly nonlinear or physically complex porous material problems. By combining traditional mechanism models with neural networks, it is possible to improve computational efficiency while maintaining strong interpretability, making it particularly suitable for topology optimization and solving complex differential equations. The integration strategy of neural networks and optimization techniques performs well in multi-objective optimization and reverse engineering design. By integrating with optimization algorithms such as genetic algorithms, it can achieve global optimal solutions under multiple constraints, especially in the trade-off between material design and performance optimization, which has significant advantages. Therefore, selecting appropriate strategies based on the complexity of different problems and data conditions can maximize the effectiveness of porous material design and performance prediction.Conclusions: Although neural networks have made significant progress in predicting the mechanical properties of porous materials, they still face challenges such as data quality, model interpretability, and generalization ability. Future research should focus on improving neural network technology and combining optimization algorithms to develop more efficient hybrid models, providing more reliable and accurate solutions for the engineering applications of porous materials.

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