WANG Quanliang, YANG Pengling, GUO Zhengshen, et al. Preparation technologies and advanced applications of transparent plant fiber-based composites[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica, 2025, 42(2): 700-718. DOI: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20240716.001
Citation: WANG Quanliang, YANG Pengling, GUO Zhengshen, et al. Preparation technologies and advanced applications of transparent plant fiber-based composites[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica, 2025, 42(2): 700-718. DOI: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20240716.001

Preparation technologies and advanced applications of transparent plant fiber-based composites

Funds: Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China (YQ2023C025); Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2572023CT10-02)
More Information
  • Received Date: May 06, 2024
  • Revised Date: June 08, 2024
  • Accepted Date: June 29, 2024
  • Available Online: July 22, 2024
  • Published Date: July 15, 2024
  • The plant fiber, as a natural renewable, biodegradable green and eco-friendly material, has a wide range of sources and abundant reserves, such as forestry wood, bamboo, and crop straw resources. It is widely used in the manufacturing of composite materials, such as fiber-reinforced resins/silicates, with a huge market and broad prospects. The development of transparent functional materials based on plant fibers has scientific significance and research value in breaking through the technical bottleneck of optical opacity for the traditional engineering materials (such as fiberboard and wood plastic composites) and expanding the application range of agricultural and forestry biomass products. The article provides a detailed overview of the latest research progress on fiber-based transparent materials. It systematically summarizes the mechanisms of green bleaching and transparency of plant fiber materials, as well as the characteristics and key difficulties of the preparation techniques. It has been demonstrated that transparent materials treated with preliminary decolorization and transparency can optimize the process, and achieve the multifunctionality while retaining the characteristics of plant fibers. This article focuses on the mechanics, transparency, haze, flame retardancy, and thermal insulation of plant fiber based transparent materials, and explores the application prospects of fiber transparent materials in energy-saving buildings, optoelectronic devices, and energy storage materials. There is still a lot of systematic research to be promoted in the utilization of plant fiber transparent materials. With the continuous improvement of preparation technology and modification methods, its performance will be further improved, promoting its application in fields such as architecture, optoelectronics, and energy storage.

  • Objectives 

    In this paper, the research progress of transparent plant fiber matrix composites is reviewed in detail from the aspects of preparation, function and application. This paper reviews the development process of transparent plant fiber matrix composites, and clarifies the formation mechanism and preparation method of transparent plant fiber matrix composites. The characteristics of transparent fiber materials obtained by different materials and different preparation methods are described, and the optimization path of optical, thermal insulation, flame retardant, mechanical and other properties is explored. This paper summarizes the application progress of transparent plant fiber matrix composites in the fields of construction, optoelectronic devices, energy storage materials and other fields in recent years, puts forward the existing problems of plant fiber-based transparent materials at the current stage, and looks forward to the future development direction.

    Methods 

    By summarizing the research literature of transparent plant fiber matrix composites at home and abroad in recent years, the preparation principle and preparation method of plant fiber matrix composites are briefly described, and the characteristics of transparent fiber materials obtained by different materials and different preparation methods are analyzed. Subsequently, the optimization methods of optical, thermal and mechanical properties of plant fiber matrix composites were emphatically expounded. Finally, according to the advantages of its performance, the application prospects of plant fiber-based transparent materials in different fields are introduced, and the problems and future development of plant fiber-based transparent materials at the current stage are analyzed and prospected.

    Results 

    Most of the transparent plant fiber matrix composites are transparent by removing lignin and filling polymer resin, which are mainly divided into three categories: transparent wood, transparent fiberboard, and pure biomass transparent board. The preparation process includes fiber decolorization, interface modification, and resin compounding. Transparency and haze are important indicators to evaluate optical properties, decolorization and bleaching can reduce the absorption of visible light, and the volume fraction of composite components and polymer properties are the key factors affecting optical properties. Different fiber composition and anisotropic microstructure determine the flame retardant and thermal insulation properties of fiber transparent materials. The application prospect of fiber transparent materials in the fields of construction, optoelectronic devices, energy storage materials, etc., with its excellent optical, thermal insulation, flame retardant and mechanical properties, especially in energy-saving buildings, solar cells and phase change materials, has broad application prospects, and meets the strategic requirements of national green environmental protection.Conclusions: Fruitful theoretical results have been achieved in transparent fiber materials represented by transparent wood and bamboo, but there are still basic problems to be solved. The first is the challenge of large-format fabrication technology, which should increase the feasibility of using small-diameter timber for the development of large-format transparent lumber. Using plant fibers as the base material and adopting a bottom-up strategy to develop transparent fiber materials has cost advantages and industrial foundation, but the bottleneck lies in the pore structure of the fiber itself and its molding materials, which causes light scattering and affects transparency. In the future, we should focus on solving the problem of regulating the pore structure of plant fibers, and clarify the basic theoretical problems of the structure-activity relationship between the complex pores and optical properties of the fibers themselves and their molding materials. The homogenization of plant fiber transparent composite modification is serious, and the research on transparent composite materials such as other substances (such as silicate) should be strengthened to expand the field of their future applications. At the same time, the influence mechanism of composite structure and morphology of composite materials and fibers on the macroscopic properties of composites is still unclear, and further research is needed in the future.

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