| Citation: |
HAN Chaofeng, XUE Yousong, ZHANG Dongsheng, et al. Research progress on electrical property and electromechanical coupling behaviors of carbon fiber composites[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica, 2023, 40(6): 3136-3152. DOI: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20230119.004
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As a national strategic emerging material, carbon fiber and its composites are widely used in aerospace, oceangoing ships, rail transit, and new energy vehicles due to their characteristics of light weight, high strength, high impact damage tolerance and hybrid manufacturing of multiple reinforced structures. In addition to excellent damage tolerance and thermal conductivity, carbon fiber composites have attracted more and more attentions in recent years for their outstanding multifunctional properties such as electrical conductivity and piezoresistive effect. The structural deformation induces resistance changes of carbon fiber composites correspondingly under external load, which can be used as an intelligent sensor to record the damage evolution process. While carrying the load of structural materials, carbon fiber composites also play the role of self-sensing of functional materials. They have great potential values in the application of structural health monitoring. Therefore, it has important economic benefits and application values by studying and analyzing the electrical conductivity and structural effects of different dimensional reinforcements of carbon fiber resin matrix composites, and revealing the conductive mechanism and electromechanical coupling behavior of carbon fiber composites. Finally, the conductive structure optimization and efficient configuration of carbon fiber composites in structural health monitoring can be realized, and the multifunctional use of carbon fiber composites will be expanded.
The electrical resistance method uses the piezoresistive effect of carbon fiber resin matrix composites to achieve self-monitoring. Without relying on complex monitoring instruments and data processing systems, it can achieve in-situ monitoring of health status in materials, thus providing accurate and real-time electrical signal information for the initiation and accumulation of damage in composites. In the composite reinforcement structures, the disordered contact, interlacing and buckling deformation of carbon fiber yarns lead to the random distribution of the internal current conduction path, forming a complex conductive path in composites, which has an important impact on the electrical conductivity of composites. At the same time, the heterogeneity of carbon fiber composites results in unclear internal conductivity mechanism. Based on the utilization of electrical resistance method in structural health monitoring for composites, this paper focuses on the overview of electrical conductivity and predictive models, surface potential field distribution and main measurement technologies, as well as electromechanical coupling behavior and constitutive models of carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composites with different dimensional architectures. It is expected to provide a new direction and path to design "material-structure-performance" integrated system in carbon fiber composites.
At present, the research objects of electrical conductivity of composites mainly focus on traditional laminated composites, ignoring influence of ply angles and interlayer interface conductivity. The electrical conductivity of 3D reinforced structural composites is only limited to experimental testing, which does not reveal the conductive mechanism inside the composites and establish an effective conductive model. The study of potential distributions of composites is mainly limited to the surface of thin composite laminates, without considering influence of potential attenuation along thickness direction. Moreover, there is little research on the potential distributions of 3D reinforced structural composites, and no effective model exists for predicting the spatial potential distributions. The current researches on the electromechanical coupling behavior of composites are mostly in experimental analysis and phenomenological description, and the established analytical model of electromechanical coupling is only applicable to the prediction of unidirectional composites. The applicability of the analysis and prediction of the electromechanical coupling behavior of composites with different dimensions of reinforced structures is poor, and there is a lack of systematic analysis. Conclusions:The current research on the electrical conductivity, potential field distributions and electromechanical coupling behavior of carbon fiber resin matrix composites at home and abroad is still in the exploratory stage, and there is a lack of effective prediction models to analyze the internal conductive mechanism of carbon fiber composites. Especially in the 3D reinforced structural composites, the yarns are interwoven into an overall framework, and the changes of internal yarn cross-section shape and path are more complex, which further increases the research difficulty. Therefore, the main aims and efforts in the next stage include: (1) It needs in-depth study on the electrical conductivity, potential field distributions and electromechanical coupling behavior of carbon fiber resin matrix composites with different reinforcement structures, and then systematically revealing the structural effects and conduction path differences of the conductive mechanism in composites; (2) Combined with new technologies such as electrical impedance tomography, electrical network theory and machine learning, new ideas and schemes are provided for the study of electrical conductivity and electromechanical coupling behavior of 3D reinforced carbon fiber resin matrix composites; (3) When building electromechanical coupling constitutive model of carbon fiber resin matrix composites, the quantitative relationship between resistance response and stiffness degradation of carbon fiber composites under loading conditions should be accurately characterized. The deformation, destruction and reorganization of conductive network should be clarified. Finally, the optimal design of conductive structure of carbon fiber reinforced composites and effective use of intelligent monitoring can be realized.
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