1997 Vol. 14, No. 2
1997, 14(2): 1-5.
Abstract:
The past decade has seen an increase in application of Raman spectroscopy in composite science. Messages used from this powerful method of structure characterization, however, are toalarge extentlimited to the linear variation of certain Raman frequency shifts with stress level in high perfo rmance fibers suchas carbon and aramid. In this paper, results of Raman spect roscopic studies on these fibers and their model composites are reviewed emphasizing their importance to the under standing of interfacial stress transfer mechanisms. Experimental aspects of applying Raman spectroscopy in inter facial stress measurement, interfacial structure characterization and residual stress measur ementare discussed systematically with examples. It is suggested that correct know ledge of Raman scattering processes from composites is the most important factor for further application of the technique in composite science.
The past decade has seen an increase in application of Raman spectroscopy in composite science. Messages used from this powerful method of structure characterization, however, are toalarge extentlimited to the linear variation of certain Raman frequency shifts with stress level in high perfo rmance fibers suchas carbon and aramid. In this paper, results of Raman spect roscopic studies on these fibers and their model composites are reviewed emphasizing their importance to the under standing of interfacial stress transfer mechanisms. Experimental aspects of applying Raman spectroscopy in inter facial stress measurement, interfacial structure characterization and residual stress measur ementare discussed systematically with examples. It is suggested that correct know ledge of Raman scattering processes from composites is the most important factor for further application of the technique in composite science.
1997, 14(2): 6-11.
Abstract:
DCPD-type unsaturated polyester resin prepared by using semi-condensation polymerization method is proposed. The results show that the optimal conditions of synthesis reaction are as follows:the total anhydride/propylene glycol/DCPD ratio is 11.10.10～0.15～0.15, temperature of addition reactions is 120-140℃，acid value of system is 120-140mg KOH/g when dropping DCPD and time of addition reaction is about 2h.
DCPD-type unsaturated polyester resin prepared by using semi-condensation polymerization method is proposed. The results show that the optimal conditions of synthesis reaction are as follows:the total anhydride/propylene glycol/DCPD ratio is 11.10.10～0.15～0.15, temperature of addition reactions is 120-140℃，acid value of system is 120-140mg KOH/g when dropping DCPD and time of addition reaction is about 2h.
1997, 14(2): 12-16.
Abstract:
A three-compartment rectangular flow cell was used for studying the cyclic voltammograms of several vinyl monomers in aqueous solutions. The best potential for electropolymerization was clotermined. Electropoly merizations were conduct,d using batch cell and continuous apparatus稵he appearance and the thickness of electropolymerization coatings were examined using scanning electron microscopy. The tensile strength, tensile modulus and elong ation at break of filament from these coated fibers were examined. The impact and interlaminar shear strength of composites from these coated fibers and an epoxy resin were examined. The composites showed simultaneous improvement in impact and interlaminar shear strength obviously.
A three-compartment rectangular flow cell was used for studying the cyclic voltammograms of several vinyl monomers in aqueous solutions. The best potential for electropolymerization was clotermined. Electropoly merizations were conduct,d using batch cell and continuous apparatus稵he appearance and the thickness of electropolymerization coatings were examined using scanning electron microscopy. The tensile strength, tensile modulus and elong ation at break of filament from these coated fibers were examined. The impact and interlaminar shear strength of composites from these coated fibers and an epoxy resin were examined. The composites showed simultaneous improvement in impact and interlaminar shear strength obviously.
1997, 14(2): 17-22.
Abstract:
The elemental composition, properties and main uses of the wollastonite short fiber were described. The wollastonite short fiber-fiberglass-epoxy resin-EMI-2.4 composite was studied. Slenderness ratio, particle size, content and surface-treatment of the wollas-tonite short fiber were discussed. The experiments showed that the wollastonite short fiber is a kind of inorg anic filler with good reinforce and insulation, particularly, the reinforce is very remarkable in the direction of veritcal fiberg lass. The dehiscence of the enwound product was avoided. Because the wollastonite short fiber regulated the viscosity of the epoxy resin under the room temperature, it would be avoided that the epoxy resin was thrown when the fiber glass was enwound. The distribution of the wollast onite short fiber in the system was obser ved by means of SEM and a reinforce model of the inorganic short fiber was advanced.
The elemental composition, properties and main uses of the wollastonite short fiber were described. The wollastonite short fiber-fiberglass-epoxy resin-EMI-2.4 composite was studied. Slenderness ratio, particle size, content and surface-treatment of the wollas-tonite short fiber were discussed. The experiments showed that the wollastonite short fiber is a kind of inorg anic filler with good reinforce and insulation, particularly, the reinforce is very remarkable in the direction of veritcal fiberg lass. The dehiscence of the enwound product was avoided. Because the wollastonite short fiber regulated the viscosity of the epoxy resin under the room temperature, it would be avoided that the epoxy resin was thrown when the fiber glass was enwound. The distribution of the wollast onite short fiber in the system was obser ved by means of SEM and a reinforce model of the inorganic short fiber was advanced.
1997, 14(2): 23-29.
Abstract:
The impact behavior of ultra-high-modulus polyethylene( UHMPE)fibre/carbonfibre/epoxy hybrid composites was investigated by notched and unnotched Charpy impacttests. The results showed that hybridizing carbon fibres with UHMPE fibresled to an increase in the impact strength of the hybrid composites. Based on the load-time curves of the specimens during impact and the morphology of the specimens after impact, the failure modes of the hybrid composites were analyzed in detail.
The impact behavior of ultra-high-modulus polyethylene( UHMPE)fibre/carbonfibre/epoxy hybrid composites was investigated by notched and unnotched Charpy impacttests. The results showed that hybridizing carbon fibres with UHMPE fibresled to an increase in the impact strength of the hybrid composites. Based on the load-time curves of the specimens during impact and the morphology of the specimens after impact, the failure modes of the hybrid composites were analyzed in detail.
1997, 14(2): 30-34.
Abstract:
For the self-reinforced HP Si3N4 ceramics, the effects of(Y2O3+La2O3) wt% and the ratio between Y2O3 and La2O3 on the mechanical properties and microstructure were studied. Analysis of toughening processes indicated that both crack deflection and -Si3N4 bridging mechanisms can contribute to the fracture toughness of HP-Si3N4 ceramics. Inaddition, the oxidizing behavior and feature of subjecting to thermal cycling were studied in this paper.
For the self-reinforced HP Si3N4 ceramics, the effects of(Y2O3+La2O3) wt% and the ratio between Y2O3 and La2O3 on the mechanical properties and microstructure were studied. Analysis of toughening processes indicated that both crack deflection and -Si3N4 bridging mechanisms can contribute to the fracture toughness of HP-Si3N4 ceramics. Inaddition, the oxidizing behavior and feature of subjecting to thermal cycling were studied in this paper.
1997, 14(2): 35-39.
Abstract:
Si/C/N nanocom posite powders were synthesized by irradiating a mixture of HMDS and NH3 with a high power CO2 laser. The influences of HMDS flow rate and NH3 on the powder composition were studied. The results show that increasing HMDS flow rate can decrease the carbon content, increase the hydrogen content, and keep the silicon and nitrogen content constant. The addition of NH3 can greatly decrease the carbon content, and increase the nitrogen content. The asformed powders are amorphous and the mean particle size is 10～50 nm. The production rate of the powder is 62～113 g/h.
Si/C/N nanocom posite powders were synthesized by irradiating a mixture of HMDS and NH3 with a high power CO2 laser. The influences of HMDS flow rate and NH3 on the powder composition were studied. The results show that increasing HMDS flow rate can decrease the carbon content, increase the hydrogen content, and keep the silicon and nitrogen content constant. The addition of NH3 can greatly decrease the carbon content, and increase the nitrogen content. The asformed powders are amorphous and the mean particle size is 10～50 nm. The production rate of the powder is 62～113 g/h.
1997, 14(2): 41-44.
Abstract:
The inter facial structure of Ti/single-cry stal Al2O3( 0001), Ti/poly crystalline Al2O3, and Ti/single-crystal MgO( 001) system made by RF magnetron sputtering was investigated by using XPS combining with Ar+ ion insituetching in this paper. The results show that the reduction of Al3+ and oxidation of tit aniumexist at the interface of Ti/Al2O3 systems. Moreover, the reduced Alappears before the oxided Tiat the interface of Ti/Al2O3 in the etching process. Nosimilar interfacial reaction was observed at the interface of Ti/MgO system by the same making method.
The inter facial structure of Ti/single-cry stal Al2O3( 0001), Ti/poly crystalline Al2O3, and Ti/single-crystal MgO( 001) system made by RF magnetron sputtering was investigated by using XPS combining with Ar+ ion insituetching in this paper. The results show that the reduction of Al3+ and oxidation of tit aniumexist at the interface of Ti/Al2O3 systems. Moreover, the reduced Alappears before the oxided Tiat the interface of Ti/Al2O3 in the etching process. Nosimilar interfacial reaction was observed at the interface of Ti/MgO system by the same making method.
1997, 14(2): 45-49.
Abstract:
Micro cracking charact eristics of Al2O3 short fibre reinforced Al-5.5Z n matrix composite were studied usinga dynamic tensile technique of transmission electron microscopy( TEM). The results show that the nucleation and propagation of cracks occur mainly in the matrix and fibre/matrix interface region. This may result from the great difference in strength between the fibre and matrix. Also, it has been observed that the microcrack can close in the unlo ading process.
Micro cracking charact eristics of Al2O3 short fibre reinforced Al-5.5Z n matrix composite were studied usinga dynamic tensile technique of transmission electron microscopy( TEM). The results show that the nucleation and propagation of cracks occur mainly in the matrix and fibre/matrix interface region. This may result from the great difference in strength between the fibre and matrix. Also, it has been observed that the microcrack can close in the unlo ading process.
1997, 14(2): 50-55.
Abstract:
Alaser spallation experiment technique is used to measure the interface tension strength of Cu/SiC laminate materials. The critical stress amplitude is determined from a computer simulation of the process. It is found that the interface tension strength ranges from 8.19 to 8.56GPa, and the average streng this 8.36 GPa. In the case of Si/SiC, the results given by the paper are in good agreement with the results obtained by Gupta.
Alaser spallation experiment technique is used to measure the interface tension strength of Cu/SiC laminate materials. The critical stress amplitude is determined from a computer simulation of the process. It is found that the interface tension strength ranges from 8.19 to 8.56GPa, and the average streng this 8.36 GPa. In the case of Si/SiC, the results given by the paper are in good agreement with the results obtained by Gupta.
1997, 14(2): 56-60.
Abstract:
SHS/QP technique as a new method is aneasy and economical way, which combines SHS and dynamic consolidation to fabricate full density composites in a single processing operation. So, a thorough underst anding of the SHS process and the optimization of the pressing pattern are of the same importance. With the increase of metal contents in TiC-xNi, both the adiabatic and measured combustion temperatures decrease. Because of the heat loss and the industrial raw powders used in the experiment, the measured combustion temperatures are lower than the adiabatic temperatures. Maximum value on the propagating curve is observed at the Ni content about 20mol%, owing to the melting of Ni. Expansion of the sample after SHS is observed. Both combustion temperatures and propagating rates decrease with the add of diluent. By Novozhihov equation, the calculated activation energy for SHS of TiC-20mol% Niis 166kJ/mol, close to that of the Ti and Creaction in the high temperatureregion, which indicates a solution and precipitation controlled mechanism. By CFQ method, the structure formation mechanism of SHS TiC-20mol% Ni was proposed.
SHS/QP technique as a new method is aneasy and economical way, which combines SHS and dynamic consolidation to fabricate full density composites in a single processing operation. So, a thorough underst anding of the SHS process and the optimization of the pressing pattern are of the same importance. With the increase of metal contents in TiC-xNi, both the adiabatic and measured combustion temperatures decrease. Because of the heat loss and the industrial raw powders used in the experiment, the measured combustion temperatures are lower than the adiabatic temperatures. Maximum value on the propagating curve is observed at the Ni content about 20mol%, owing to the melting of Ni. Expansion of the sample after SHS is observed. Both combustion temperatures and propagating rates decrease with the add of diluent. By Novozhihov equation, the calculated activation energy for SHS of TiC-20mol% Niis 166kJ/mol, close to that of the Ti and Creaction in the high temperatureregion, which indicates a solution and precipitation controlled mechanism. By CFQ method, the structure formation mechanism of SHS TiC-20mol% Ni was proposed.
1997, 14(2): 61-65.
Abstract:
A new SHS/QP instrument for the fabrication of composites has already been established. In the process, following the SHS reaction, when the sample is still in a red hot and softstate, a quick and high hydraulic force is applied on the sample, so that dense product can beobtained. Highest density is obtained, when pressing is applied to the sample immediately after the completion of the SHS reaction. Pressing applied before completion of the SHS reaction does not yield a dense product. There is a limitation on how much the relative density can be increased by increasing the pressing duration. Near theoretical density of TiC-25wt% Ni cermets was obtained with a high pressure > 110 MPa. Astructure form ation mechanism for the TiC-xNi cermets made by SHS/QP was proposed. Dense cermets with good properties were made by optimizing the relevant parameters.
A new SHS/QP instrument for the fabrication of composites has already been established. In the process, following the SHS reaction, when the sample is still in a red hot and softstate, a quick and high hydraulic force is applied on the sample, so that dense product can beobtained. Highest density is obtained, when pressing is applied to the sample immediately after the completion of the SHS reaction. Pressing applied before completion of the SHS reaction does not yield a dense product. There is a limitation on how much the relative density can be increased by increasing the pressing duration. Near theoretical density of TiC-25wt% Ni cermets was obtained with a high pressure > 110 MPa. Astructure form ation mechanism for the TiC-xNi cermets made by SHS/QP was proposed. Dense cermets with good properties were made by optimizing the relevant parameters.
1997, 14(2): 66-70.
Abstract:
Purealuminum matrix Al3Ti particle composite was made by a new in-situmet hod involvingreactions between Al and TiO2 which was stirred into molten metal. The size of the reinforcement Al3Ti particle which is homogeneous in the pure Al matrix is 2～3 m. The combination between Al3Ti and Al matrix is very well. When the amount of TiO2 is 30wt% and the reaction temperature is 920℃, the streng th and hardness of the composite are higher than those o f purealuminum-matrix by 71.5% and 134%, respectively. However, the ductility of the composite is slightly lower than that of aluminum-matrix.
Purealuminum matrix Al3Ti particle composite was made by a new in-situmet hod involvingreactions between Al and TiO2 which was stirred into molten metal. The size of the reinforcement Al3Ti particle which is homogeneous in the pure Al matrix is 2～3 m. The combination between Al3Ti and Al matrix is very well. When the amount of TiO2 is 30wt% and the reaction temperature is 920℃, the streng th and hardness of the composite are higher than those o f purealuminum-matrix by 71.5% and 134%, respectively. However, the ductility of the composite is slightly lower than that of aluminum-matrix.
1997, 14(2): 71-75.
Abstract:
Through turning experiment of SiCP/2024 composite the paper draws conclusion of the effects of tool materials, cutting parameters and SiCP content on the cutting for ce and tool wear. Moreover, the K-type hardalloy is considered compatible for crude and semi-precise machining, and a smaller cutting speed and larger feed should beadopted. But, the higher content of SiCP can cause a phenomenon that the axialt hrust force is bigger than the main cutting force, and there is a greater difference value with higher SiCP content. P DC tool is the best tool material for precise machining, and yet with nosuch phenomenonas the above one.
Through turning experiment of SiCP/2024 composite the paper draws conclusion of the effects of tool materials, cutting parameters and SiCP content on the cutting for ce and tool wear. Moreover, the K-type hardalloy is considered compatible for crude and semi-precise machining, and a smaller cutting speed and larger feed should beadopted. But, the higher content of SiCP can cause a phenomenon that the axialt hrust force is bigger than the main cutting force, and there is a greater difference value with higher SiCP content. P DC tool is the best tool material for precise machining, and yet with nosuch phenomenonas the above one.
1997, 14(2): 76-79.
Abstract:
The interface and fracture surface of SiCP/AZ80 composites were examined by SEM and TEM. It showed that the interface was very smooth and there was no chemical reaction, but the Mg17Al12 eutectic phase nucleated on SiC surface can be observed at the interface. Examination of the fracture surface indicated that the bonding strength between SiC and matrix alloy was stronger than that of matrix. The SiC particles segregation is the maincause of the SiCP/AZ80 composite failure.
The interface and fracture surface of SiCP/AZ80 composites were examined by SEM and TEM. It showed that the interface was very smooth and there was no chemical reaction, but the Mg17Al12 eutectic phase nucleated on SiC surface can be observed at the interface. Examination of the fracture surface indicated that the bonding strength between SiC and matrix alloy was stronger than that of matrix. The SiC particles segregation is the maincause of the SiCP/AZ80 composite failure.
1997, 14(2): 80-85.
Abstract:
The friction and wear properties of carbonfiber felt-copper composites fabricated by electrodeposition were studied. Results showed that under the condition of dry friction, the wear resistance of the composites was chiefly related to the existing time of a continuous and effective carbon film formed on both surfaces of the mating pair, which was determ ined by the carbonfiber volume of the composites. The wear resistance of the composites depended on the hardness of the composites and the extra energy necessary to bend and break the fibers under lubricated condition. In both cases, the wear resistance of the composites was much better than that of ZQSn6-6-3.
The friction and wear properties of carbonfiber felt-copper composites fabricated by electrodeposition were studied. Results showed that under the condition of dry friction, the wear resistance of the composites was chiefly related to the existing time of a continuous and effective carbon film formed on both surfaces of the mating pair, which was determ ined by the carbonfiber volume of the composites. The wear resistance of the composites depended on the hardness of the composites and the extra energy necessary to bend and break the fibers under lubricated condition. In both cases, the wear resistance of the composites was much better than that of ZQSn6-6-3.
1997, 14(2): 86-91.
Abstract:
This article studies the effect of SiO2 to be coated on the surface of alloy Al-Mg-Si on its directed oxidation at hight emperature in air. The experiment observed the morphology of the surface of alloy Al-Mg -Si formed by directed oxidation. It was discovered that SiO2 can make the oxidation growth of Al2O3/Al composite in the way of gloss not of cell-shape, which raised the relative density of the material. In addition, it was f ound that SiO2 could decrease the incubation period needed for the directed oxidation of Al-Mg-Si alloy and reduce the growth time of Al2O3/Al composites
This article studies the effect of SiO2 to be coated on the surface of alloy Al-Mg-Si on its directed oxidation at hight emperature in air. The experiment observed the morphology of the surface of alloy Al-Mg -Si formed by directed oxidation. It was discovered that SiO2 can make the oxidation growth of Al2O3/Al composite in the way of gloss not of cell-shape, which raised the relative density of the material. In addition, it was f ound that SiO2 could decrease the incubation period needed for the directed oxidation of Al-Mg-Si alloy and reduce the growth time of Al2O3/Al composites
1997, 14(2): 92-96.
Abstract:
Aniron-buckytube composite material was fabricated by direct melting. Rock-well hardness and microstructure of the composite material after quenching were investigated. Experimental results show that Rockwell hardness of the iron-buckytube composite material can peak HRc65 after adapt able heat treatment and it is harder than common irongraphite alloy by 5～10 HRc under the same condition. The analysis of microstructure indicates that there exists a kind of carbon-rich white phase that emerged in martensite. Differential thermal analysis(DTA) and high resolution transmission electronic microscope(HRTEM) observation results indicate that the buckytube is stable up to 1400℃, so it can be retained in the composite and it plays animport antrole in strengt hening mechanism.
Aniron-buckytube composite material was fabricated by direct melting. Rock-well hardness and microstructure of the composite material after quenching were investigated. Experimental results show that Rockwell hardness of the iron-buckytube composite material can peak HRc65 after adapt able heat treatment and it is harder than common irongraphite alloy by 5～10 HRc under the same condition. The analysis of microstructure indicates that there exists a kind of carbon-rich white phase that emerged in martensite. Differential thermal analysis(DTA) and high resolution transmission electronic microscope(HRTEM) observation results indicate that the buckytube is stable up to 1400℃, so it can be retained in the composite and it plays animport antrole in strengt hening mechanism.
1997, 14(2): 97-102.
Abstract:
For matrix cracking and large deforming, the deformation of a filament-wound case is analyzed and calculated. The prediction and testresults are in agreement. In the deformation analysis, the failure evaluation has been completed for the filament -wound case. A good method is obtained for the failure evaluation of the filament-wound case. A theoretical basis is provided for working out rational water-pressure-testst andards.
For matrix cracking and large deforming, the deformation of a filament-wound case is analyzed and calculated. The prediction and testresults are in agreement. In the deformation analysis, the failure evaluation has been completed for the filament -wound case. A good method is obtained for the failure evaluation of the filament-wound case. A theoretical basis is provided for working out rational water-pressure-testst andards.
1997, 14(2): 103-107.
Abstract:
A displacement field of laminated composite plates and shells is presented and used to establish the motion equations of laminates subjected to mechanical loading and thermal loading. The displacement field ensures the continuity of displacements and transverse shear stresses at each interface and includes the influence of transverse shear deformation on the response of laminates. The number of displacement variables and motion equations is five as in the first-order shear deformation theory. Examples of transient response are given to verify the accuracy of the present method.
A displacement field of laminated composite plates and shells is presented and used to establish the motion equations of laminates subjected to mechanical loading and thermal loading. The displacement field ensures the continuity of displacements and transverse shear stresses at each interface and includes the influence of transverse shear deformation on the response of laminates. The number of displacement variables and motion equations is five as in the first-order shear deformation theory. Examples of transient response are given to verify the accuracy of the present method.
1997, 14(2): 108-113.
Abstract:
An inverse method to obtain the coefficients of bending stiffness of orthotropic composit e plates by boundary displacement measurement is presented. Aleast square it erative scheme is given. The effect on the numerical solution caused by the changes of the model used in analysis is discussed in detail as well as the convergence of the numerical scheme and the calculation scheme of the sensitivity coefficients. The results of application show that the inverse method presented here is practical and efficient.
An inverse method to obtain the coefficients of bending stiffness of orthotropic composit e plates by boundary displacement measurement is presented. Aleast square it erative scheme is given. The effect on the numerical solution caused by the changes of the model used in analysis is discussed in detail as well as the convergence of the numerical scheme and the calculation scheme of the sensitivity coefficients. The results of application show that the inverse method presented here is practical and efficient.
1997, 14(2): 114-119.
Abstract:
The theory of composite laminate with distributed actuators and sensors was studied. Based on the study, a four-node composite plate element with displacement and electrical degrees of freedom was developed. Then the static equilibrium equations were derived by using the principle of minimumt ot alpotential energy. And an FEA code was also implemented and verified to the static analysis of composite laminate containing peizoelect ricactuators/sensors. Fur thermore, shape control was investigated for such composite plates.
The theory of composite laminate with distributed actuators and sensors was studied. Based on the study, a four-node composite plate element with displacement and electrical degrees of freedom was developed. Then the static equilibrium equations were derived by using the principle of minimumt ot alpotential energy. And an FEA code was also implemented and verified to the static analysis of composite laminate containing peizoelect ricactuators/sensors. Fur thermore, shape control was investigated for such composite plates.
1997, 14(2): 121-125.
Abstract:
A theory of anisotropic thermal viscoelastic hydrodynamic lubrication is proposed, based on the thermoel astohy drodynamic lubricaition theory by an extension of the isotropic and linear elastic assumption to the assumption of anisotropic and viscoelastic material properties for the engineering design of composite gears and composite bearings
A theory of anisotropic thermal viscoelastic hydrodynamic lubrication is proposed, based on the thermoel astohy drodynamic lubricaition theory by an extension of the isotropic and linear elastic assumption to the assumption of anisotropic and viscoelastic material properties for the engineering design of composite gears and composite bearings
1997, 14(2): 126-131.
Abstract:
Automatic computer simulation of phenolic sheet molding compound(P-SMC) compression-mol ding flow is realized by finite element step-by-step computing method, and compared with the result of experiments. Finite element computing and postanalysis programs have been written. The compr ession mold filling process, time and pressure needed of PSMC in a closed mold are analyzed. It will be of theoretical significance to mold design and to the optimization of the techno logical parameters in the compression molding of sheet molding compound.
Automatic computer simulation of phenolic sheet molding compound(P-SMC) compression-mol ding flow is realized by finite element step-by-step computing method, and compared with the result of experiments. Finite element computing and postanalysis programs have been written. The compr ession mold filling process, time and pressure needed of PSMC in a closed mold are analyzed. It will be of theoretical significance to mold design and to the optimization of the techno logical parameters in the compression molding of sheet molding compound.
1997, 14(2): 132-136.
Abstract:
Using AES with ionsputtering, the carbonatomdist ribution near the diamondiron interface layer was studied in Fematrix after sintering for 6 min at 950℃. A formula of the carbon distribution was also founded. Simult aneously the process and mechanism of diamond etching with Fe were explained.
Using AES with ionsputtering, the carbonatomdist ribution near the diamondiron interface layer was studied in Fematrix after sintering for 6 min at 950℃. A formula of the carbon distribution was also founded. Simult aneously the process and mechanism of diamond etching with Fe were explained.
