Fabrication and application of multi-responsive tri-layer actuator

In recent years, soft actuators have attracted much attention in the fields of biomedical, aerospace, and intelligent bionics because of their ability to deform in response to stimuli from external conditions. However, the stimuli of the external environment are often complex and variable, and most actuators can only respond to a single stimulus, which undoubtedly increases the limitations of soft actuators. Therefore, it is necessary to develop actuators that can respond to multiple stimuli in external conditions. In this paper, we developed a tri-layer structured actuator consisting of GO-MXene-BOPP tape by successively vacuum-filtering graphene oxide (GO) and MXene to form a bilayer composite film, and then cutting, pasting, and assembling polypropylene (BOPP) tape. The actuator is capable of undergoing rapid deformation in response to humidity and light stimuli, effectively converting other energy into mechanical energy. The flexibility of the response method enables the actuator to have a wide range of applications in the fields of bionic robotics, wearable devices, and microelectromechanical systems.