Research status and development trend of phosphogypsum resource disposal in China

The long-term open storage of phosphogypsum by-products associated with the phosphorus chemical production process has become a major obstacle to the green and sustainable development of phosphate rock resources. Currently, China's comprehensive utilization of phosphogypsum is facing three outstanding problems: the huge scale of historical accumulation, the continuous increase of annual new emissions, and the long-term downturn of resource utilization. Promoting the efficient conversion and utilization of all components of phosphogypsum and breaking through the bottleneck of high value-added resource utilization technology is not only related to the implementation and effectiveness of industrial policies of '' exploiting rich ores with precision '' and '' determining production by elimination '', but also the key breakthrough in achieving the strategic goals of '' mining without trace '' and '' carbon peak and carbon neutrality ''. In this paper, the research progress and technological development trajectory of phosphogypsum in various fields, including building materials gypsum, sulphoaluminate cement, cement retarder, road engineering materials, rare earth element recovery, soil conditioner, and mine filling, were comprehensively reviewed. Based on the four dimensions of new policy drive, new process optimization, new technology empowerment and new material research and development, the development trend of phosphogypsum disposal was described in detail. Finally, the existing issues and challenges in this field were summarized.