Dynamic response analysis and rapid prediction method of UHMWPE laminate back surface under bullet impact

With global security challenges grow, the demand for composite materials in high-performance personal protective equipment increases. Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) is the preferred ballistic laminate material due to its excellent specific strength and energy absorption. However, the dynamic response of UHMWPE under high-speed impact, especially its bulging deformation and energy dissipation in the X-Y plane, is not fully understood. Addressing this issue is critical for optimizing protective structure design and improving performance. To better understand the high-speed impact response, this study used three-dimensional digital image correlation (3D-DIC) for experimental observation, combined with finite element simulation and data-driven modeling. Full-field displacement measurements showed a maximum displacement of 2 mm in the X-Y direction, with wave speeds of 517.74 m/s and 484.47 m/s. Finite element simulations revealed that the energy dissipation rate could reach 99% under high-speed impact. A deep learning model incorporating physical constraints was developed to predict structural response, achieving an R² >0.97 in Z-direction displacement prediction.This research uncovers key mechanisms of laminate in-plane dynamic response and proposes an efficient modeling approach. The findings offer valuable theoretical support and engineering applications for optimizing protective structure design and rapid high-speed impact assessment.