| Citation: |
DU Changbo, LI Dongze, YI Fu, et al. Effect of modified basalt fiber on the sulfate resistance of concrete[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica, 2025, 42(5): 2773-2782. DOI: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20240730.001
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To explore the effect of surface modification of basalt fibers (BF) on the sulfate resistance of concrete,γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane coupling agent (KH550) and nano-silica (nano-SiO2) were used to modify the surface of BF. The modification mechanisms were revealed through micro-characterization techniques and concrete sulfate erosion tests, and the durability in a sulfate erosion environment was assessed. The results show: KH550 can facilitate the uniform distribution of nano-SiO2, which aids in the reaction between nano-SiO2 adhered to the BF surface and Ca(OH)2 in cement, enhancing the hydration of cement and the interfacial adhesion between BF and the cement matrix. Under sulfate attack conditions, concrete that incorporates nano-modified fibers outperforms other types of concrete in terms of salt resistance and compressive strength. After 280 d of erosion, there is merely a 0.23% reduction in the mass of the concrete and a 2.76% decline in its compressive strength. The erosion process of concrete specimens under sulfate dry-wet cycling can generally be divided into three phases: Enhancing the compaction of concrete, starting concrete deterioration, and severe degradation of concrete. Nano-SiO2 fills the micro-cracks at the interface between fibers and the matrix in concrete, leading to secondary hydration reactions that produce dense and durable cement silicate hydrogel (C-S-H) gel. This effectively inhibits the further penetration of chemicals and moisture into the concrete, impedes the production of expansive materials such as ettringite (AFt) and gypsum, significantly improving the concrete's resistance to salt-induced erosion.
Basalt fiber (BF) has excellent physical and chemical properties of corrosion, heat and friction resistance and is suitable for use in the field of salt erosion resistance in concrete structures. However, the smooth surface of BF is prone to detachment from the concrete matrix, which prevents it from performing well. BF surface modification is a reliable means to overcome this kind of problem, however, the current modification technology still has many defects, such as high cost, long time, large amount of material waste, etc., which is not suitable to be applied in practical engineering. Therefore, there is a need to find an environmentally friendly modification method that is economical and effective.
γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane coupling agent (KH550) was used to surface modify BF in collaboration with nano-silica (nano-SiO) and involved in the preparation of modified BF concrete (K-S/PBFC). The changes in the tensile properties of BF before and after modification, the characteristics of the external changes of the modified fibers, and the material changes in concrete were explored by fiber tensile property tests and microscopic characterization techniques of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). Sulphate attack tests were carried out on fiber concrete, mass loss rate and compressive strength tests were conducted to evaluate the durability of modified fiber concrete against sulphate attack. Combining SEM microtesting tools to analyze the intrinsic change mechanism of modified fiber concrete's resistance to sulfate-dry-wet cycle erosion.
BF has a slight increase in tensile strength and a decrease in elongation after pretreatment, which ensures better stability and durability of BF. Modification of BF by KH550 synergized with nano-SiO was able to form stable chemical bonds such as C-H and Si-O-Si on the fiber surface, which enhanced the chemical stability of the fiber and increased the polarity of the fiber surface, leading to an increase in the tensile strength of the modified BF. SEM tests revealed that after KH550 modification, the nano-SiO particle size was more uniform, the dispersion was increased, the agglomeration phenomenon was obviously weakened, the number of raised particles on the surface of BF was significantly increased, the fiber surface was rough, and the modification effect was very obvious. XRD tests showed that more AFt and less Ca(OH) existed at the interface between the modified fibers and the concrete matrix compared to ordinary concrete because of the secondary hydration reaction of nano-SiO with Ca(OH), a hydration product of cement, which would enhance the bond between the fibers and the concrete matrix. The quality of concrete subjected to pre-sulfate solution erosion shows an increasing trend. The rate of change in K-S/PBFC mass and compressive strength was the smoothest over the 280 d erosion cycle, with a maximum rate of change in mass loss of only 0.23% and a reduction in compressive strength of only 2.76%, both of which were the smallest among the groups. The main mechanism of action of concrete sulfate erosion is achieved by the production of a series of expansive substances such as AFt and gypsum induced by sulfate erosion as well as sulfate crystals generated during the erosion damage process. The nano-SiO in K-S/PBFC fills the microcracks at the interface between the fiber and matrix, and consumes a large amount of Ca(OH) at the interface through the secondary hydration reaction, generating a dense and durable C-S-H colloid, which can successfully impede the further infiltration of chemicals and water into the concrete, and avoiding the generation of expansion products, such as more AFt and gypsum.Conclusions: The microscopic test demonstrated that KH550 could make nano-SiO uniformly distributed on the surface of BF, and nano-SiO was able to react with the cement hydration product Ca(OH) to promote the hydration reaction, thus effectively improving the interfacial adhesion performance between BF and cement matrix. Concrete prepared with modified fibers exhibited significantly improved sulfate and compressive resistance, losing only 0.23% and 2.76% of its mass and compressive strength after 280 d of erosion. The erosion process of concrete specimens by the sulfate-dry-wet cycle can be broadly categorized into three stages: promotion of concrete densification, initiation of damage to concrete, and intense damage to concrete. Nano-SiO fills the microgaps at the interface between fibers and matrix in concrete, and the secondary hydration reaction generates a dense and durable C-S-H gel, which can effectively inhibit the further penetration of chemicals and water into the concrete, hinder the production of more AFt and gypsum and other expansion substances, and significantly improve the salt erosion resistance of concrete.
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