| Citation: |
ZHU Yansong, TANG Chaohong, WANG Xin, et al. Study on microstructure and friction behavior of nickel-graphene oxide coating on rare earth doped titanium alloy surface[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica.
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A specified amount of rare earth cerium oxide (CeO2) and graphene oxide (GO) was incorporated into the Watts nickel-type plating solution to facilitate the preparation of a Ni-GO-CeO2 plating on the TC4 titanium alloy substrate. The study focused on the influence of rare earth CeO2 on the microstructure, grain size, microhardness, and friction and wear properties of the composite plating layer. The findings indicate that as the concentration of CeO2 increases, the presence of holes and cracks in the plating layer significantly decreases. Notably, the imperfections in the plating layer were completely eliminated when the CeO2 content reached 3wt%. However, further increasing the CeO2 content beyond 3wt% leads to the agglomeration of CeO2 within the plating layer, which subsequently results in the reappearance of holes and cracks. XRD analysis and microhardness test results indicated that when the CeO2 content was 3wt%, the composite plating exhibited the smallest Ni grain size at 42 nm, which is 28% smaller than that of the undoped CeO2 layer. Correspondingly, the microhardness peaked at 384.84 HV, marking a 15.83% increase compared to the undoped CeO2 layer. However, with further CeO2 doping beyond 3wt%, there was an increase in Ni grain size and a decrease in microhardness. The friction characteristics of the composite plating revealed optimal performance when the CeO2 content was 3wt%. At this concentration, the friction coefficient reached its lowest value at 0.225, which is 24.24% lower than that of the undoped CeO2 plating, with only slight abrasive wear observed. However, increasing the CeO2 content beyond 3wt% led to a deterioration in the friction performance of the plating.
In the process of titanium alloy replacing nickel-based alloy to reduce the weight of aero-engine and improve its thrust-to-weight ratio, low hardness, high friction coefficient, and poor wear resistance of titanium alloy are found. In this paper, by doping a certain amount of rare earth cerium oxide (CeO and graphene oxide (GO) in a Watt nickel-type plating solution, we realize the preparation of Ni-GO-CeO plating on the base of TC4 titanium alloy to improve the wear resistance of titanium alloy.
Ni-GO-CeO coatings were prepared on TC4 titanium alloy substrates by doping graphene oxide, which has a special two-dimensional structure and self-lubricating property, and rare-earth cerium oxide, which has a high adsorption activity and can improve the dispersion of the plating solution, in a watt-nickel type plating solution. The main salts NiSO and NiCl in the plating solution provided Ni ions, boric acid was the pH buffer, sodium dodecyl sulfate was the anionic surfactant, and sodium citrate was the complexing agent. The plating cathode was a TC4 titanium alloy of 30 mm×10 mm×0.15 mm, and the anode was a nickel plate of 70 mm×15 mm×2 mm, and the two plates were placed parallel to each other perpendicular to the liquid surface, with a plating distance of 30 mm, a current density of 4 A/dm, a plating solution temperature of 35 ℃, a plating solution pH of 3.8, and the entire plating process was performed with 200 rpm magnetic stirring.
Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and elemental energy spectrometer (EDS) micro-morphological characterization of the surface and cross-section of the composite layer found that: 1. After doping CeO, the “nodular” nickel crystal particles on the surface of the composite layer were obviously smaller and more compact. 2. When the CeO content is 3wt%, GO and CeO are uniformly distributed in the composite layer.2. After CeO2 doping, the cracks and pores in the cross section of the composite layer are significantly reduced, and the width of the bonding voids between the layer and the substrate is significantly reduced. When the CeO content is 3wt%, the cracks and pores in the composite plating layer completely disappear, the plating cross-section is flat, uniform, dense, and the gap between the plating layer and the TC4 substrate combination is the minimum. Characterization of the composite coating by X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed that CeO doping could reduce the average grain size in the composite coating. At 3 wt% CeO, the Ni grain size of the composite layer was minimized (42 nm), which was 28% smaller than that of the undoped CeO layer. The microhardness of the composite coating was found to increase and then decrease with the increase of CeO doping. When the CeO content was 3 wt%, the composite coating had the highest microhardness (384.84 HV), which was 15.83% higher than that of the undoped CeO coating. The friction characteristics of the composite plating layer showed that the friction performance of the plating layer was optimal when the CeO content was 3 wt%, the friction coefficient was the smallest (0.225), which was 24.24% lower than that of the un-doped CeO plating layer, and the wear mechanism was a slight abrasive wear, but the friction performance of the plating layer was reduced and the abrasive wear on the surface of the plating layer was significantly increased when the CeO content was more than 3 wt%.Conclusion: The Ni-GO-CeO coating prepared on TC4 titanium alloy substrate by doping rare-earth cerium oxide and graphene oxide in Watts nickel-type plating solution effectively solved the problem of GO agglomeration in the composite coating and significantly reduced the friction coefficient of the composite coating, and the friction performance of the coating was optimal when the content of CeO was 3 wt% with the smallest friction coefficient (0.225), which was 24.24% lower than that of the undoped The friction performance of the coating was optimal at 3 wt% of CeO, with the lowest friction coefficient (0.225), which was 24.24% lower than that of the undoped CeO coating, and the wear mechanism was slight abrasive wear, which effectively protected the TC4 substrate.
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