Preparation of flexible polyurethane composite film based on multidimensional Co@NCNTs/FCI and their microwave absorption properties

HAN Qiaoqiao; WANG haibo; CHENG Xu; DU Xiaosheng; WANG shuang; DU Zongliang

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Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica > 2024 > Accepted Manuscript

HAN Qiaoqiao, WANG haibo, CHENG Xu, et al. Preparation of flexible polyurethane composite film based on multidimensional Co@NCNTs/FCI and their microwave absorption properties[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica.

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Preparation of flexible polyurethane composite film based on multidimensional Co@NCNTs/FCI and their microwave absorption properties

(College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610040, China

Funds: Sichuan Provincial Department of Science and Technology Provincial Institute Provincial School Cooperation Project (No. 2024YFHZ0035); The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities

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Received Date: September 18, 2024
Revised Date: October 21, 2024
Accepted Date: October 22, 2024
Available Online: October 31, 2024

Abstract

Abstract

The development of high-performance microwave absorption materials is one of the best strategies to combat electromagnetic wave radiation. Because of its large specific surface area, high magnetic saturation, and low coercivity, 2D flake carbonyl iron (FCI) is frequently employed in microwave absorption. However, its application prospects have been severely constrained by high specific gravity and excessive doping. In order to solve this problem, multiscale heterostructure (0D/1D/2D) Co@N Doped carbon nanotubes (NCNTs)/FCI nano-absorbent fillers were successfully constructed by combination FCI with 0D/1D Co@NCNTs composites with high electrical conductivity, large aspect ratio, and light weight. Finally, the flexible Co@NCNTs/FCI film were prepared by making full of the high flexibility of the polyurethane (PU) matrix. The Co@NCNTs/FCI nanocomposites demonstrate exceptional microwave absorption performance due to the dielectric/magnetic dual synergistic loss and the construction of multiscale heterostructure. At a filling ratio of 30 wt% and a thickness of 1.9 mm, the minimum reflection loss (RL_min) reaches −43.38 dB. Furthermore, because of the molecular thermal vibration of NCNTs and the localized surface plasmon resonance effect of Co nanoparticles, the Co@NCNTs/FCI film also exhibits remarkable photothermal conversion capabilities.
- multiscale heterostructure,
- polyurethane composite film,
- microwave absorption,
- flexibility,
- photothermal conversion

Summary

Summary

Objectives
The development of high-performance microwave absorption materials is one of the best strategies to combat electromagnetic wave radiation in both military and civilian applications. Because of its large specific surface area, high magnetic saturation, and low coercivity, 2D flake carbonyl iron (FCI) powder is frequently employed in microwave absorption. However, its application prospects have been severely constrained by the issues of high specific gravity and excessive doping. In this work, wave-absorbing nanofillers with 0D/1D/2D layered structure are constructed to solve the problem of high filler doping by optimizing impedance matching and attenuation loss.
Methods
The multiscale heterostructure (0D/1D/2D) Co@NCNTs/FCI films were successfully constructed by physically combination FCI with 0D/1D Co@NCNTs composites with high electrical conductivity, large aspect ratio, and light weight, as well as flexible polyurethane (PU) matrix. Meanwhile, the mechanism of the influence of different Co@CNTs contents on the electromagnetic response behavior and microwave absorption properties was investigated systematically by using a vector network analyzer (VNA). Radar Cross Section () simulation using CST simulation software was utilized to explore its stealth effect under actual far-field conditions. Then the photothermal conversion performance of the film material was investigated based on its absorption rate of light at different frequencies.
Results
The Co@NCNTs/FCI nanocomposites demonstrate exceptional microwave absorption performance due to the dielectric/magnetic dual synergistic loss and the construction of multiscale heterostructure. At a filling ratio of 30 wt% and a thickness of 1.9 mm, the minimum reflection loss (ₘᵢₙ) reaches −43.38 dB. The simulation results show that the coating has good stealth effect and can effectively reduce the detectability of the target object in the radar system. Furthermore, because of the molecular thermal vibration of NCNTs and the localized surface plasmon resonance effect of Co nanoparticles, the Co@NCNTs/FCI film also exhibits remarkable absorption for light in the UV, visible, and near-infrared regions (>94.09%). Under the irradiation of a xenon lamp with a power density of 200 mW/cm, the surface temperature of the Co@NCNTs/FCI film reaches to about 112.6℃ within 300 s, showing highly efficient photothermal conversion capability.Conclusions: Co-construction of electro-magnetic coupling and multi-scale heterostructures can achieve effective modulation of impedance matching and attenuation loss, which can improve the wave-absorption capability. Therefore, the 0D/1D/2D hierarchically structured Co@NCNTs/FCI flexible film constructed in this paper is capable of converting the incident electromagnetic wave energy into thermal energy by using multiple loss mechanisms such as multiple reflections, polarization loss, conduction loss and magnetic loss, thus achieving electromagnetic stealth. In addition, the coating also has a highly efficient photo-thermal conversion capability, and this dual function can broaden its application scenarios, such as thermal balance and electromagnetic stealth in extremely cold regions.

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References

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Preparation of flexible polyurethane composite film based on multidimensional Co@NCNTs/FCI and their microwave absorption properties

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