| Citation: |
CHANG Weiwei, RONG Weifeng, PENG Hui. Research progress of carbon material in the stereocomplex crystallization of poly(lactic acid)[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica, 2025, 42(4): 1804-1815. DOI: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20240626.001
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Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a biodegradable and biocompatible polymer. Because of its good mechanical properties and outstanding thermoplasticity, it has excellent potential for substitution of petroleum-based polymers. However, the slow crystallization rate, low crystallization and poor heat resistance of PLA, seriously restrict its wide application and development. It has been established that formation of stereocomplex (SC) crystallites is an effective way to improve the various performance of PLA. Nevertheless, SC crystallites are difficult to controllable formation in the actual production and application of PLA. As a green nucleating agent, carbon material could adjust the SC crystallization. This paper describes the crystal structures of homocrystallites (HC) and SC formed by PLA, sorts out the researches about carbon additives on the effect of SC crystallization and discusses the possible mechanism for carbon additives promoting SC crystallization of PLA. Finally, the current challenges are pointed out and the future research directions are prospected.
With the increasing shortage of petrochemical resources and the continuous deterioration of the ecological environment, it is urgent to develop environmentally friendly high-molecular materials. Among the many green polymer materials that have been developed, polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the products with the outstanding performance, and the intriguing application potential. However, compared to traditional plastics, PLA has some defects, such as poor crystallization performance and slow crystallization rate, which further leads to poor physical properties. Therefore, improving the crystallization performance of PLA has important scientific significance and practical value for its application.
The two enantiomorphic isomers of PLA: Poly (L-lactide) (PLLA) and d Poly (D-lactide) (PDLA), equally mixed could form stereocomplex crystallites (SC), which has superior physical and chemical properties compared to the homocrystals (HC) formed by the individually enantiomorphic chain. However, it is difficult to control the formation of SC in actual production of PLA. Carbon materials can be added as heterogeneous nucleating agents to PLA matrix, which can selectively manipulate the generation of SC in PLA. It not only improves the physical and mechanical properties of PLA, but also meet the requirements of people pursuing natural, green, and environmentally friendly products. This paper analyzes the crystal structures of PLA SC and HC crystals, and then classifies and reviews the research progress of using carbon materials as nucleating agents to promote SC crystallization and improve performance of PLA, proposes the possible mechanisms, finally puts forward insights into the challenges and future research directions.
The addition of carbon materials can effectively promote the interactions of the two PLA enantiomers. The unique surface structure of carbon materials provides a large active surface for the accumulation of PLA molecular chains, and induces the ordered arrangement of PLLA and PDLA chains to form crystalline structure of SC. Therefore, it plays an important role in improving the crystallinity of PLA and regulating the crystallization form of PLAConclusions: As a green nucleating agent, carbon material has shown remarkable effect on selectively promoting the SC crystallization of PLA and improving its physical properties. However, at present, the research on carbon materials as PLA nucleating agents is still in the stage of experimental exploration. In order to accelerate its practical application and popularization, efforts can be made in the following aspects: (1) to improve the dispersion of carbon materials in PLA matrix, while maintaining the inherent properties of carbon materials; (2) In-depth study of the interaction mechanism between carbon materials and PLA; (3) Establish the controllable induction mechanism between the structure of carbon material additive, PLA crystallization behavior and thermodynamic and mechanical properties, so as to obtain the PLA-carbon composite with the excellent performances.
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