Advances in photoelectrocatalysis and artificial photosynthesis for the reduction of CO₂

With the continuous development of industrialization, CO₂ produced by the excessive use of fossil fuels has led to problems such as the greenhouse effect, which has attracted great attention from the international community and a series of countermeasures have been formulated. Therefore, the research and development of technology for the reduction and recovery of CO₂ from the atmosphere is urgent and important. Photoelectrocatalysis is one of the technologies with good application prospects that can be used to reduce CO₂. In order to carry out a more in-depth research on this technology and promote its practical application, this paper firstly describes the basic principles and advantages and disadvantages of photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, and photoelectrocatalysis for CO₂ reduction, and gives examples of the efficiency of various types of catalysts for CO₂ reduction. Because photocatalysis is one of the important steps in photosynthesis, it then focuses on analyzing the current status and prospects of photosynthesis in reducing CO₂ research, and proposes the feasibility and potential of artificial photosynthesis for CO₂ reduction. The aim of this paper is to provide new ideas and references for the reduction of CO₂ by artificial photosynthesis, and to provide new insights and perspectives for reducing the accumulation of CO₂ in the atmosphere and addressing current environmental challenges.