316L-2Cr13多层不锈钢复合板相对于全马氏体/奥氏体多层钢疲劳性能的提升

周鑫; 马景平; 蒋小霞; 曹睿; 闫英杰

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20221208.002

316L-2Cr13多层不锈钢复合板相对于全马氏体/奥氏体多层钢疲劳性能的提升

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20221208.002

周鑫^{1, 2},
马景平^{1, 2},
蒋小霞³,
曹睿^{1, 2, ,},
闫英杰^{1, 2}

1.
兰州理工大学　省部共建有色金属先进加工与再利用国家重点实验室，兰州 730050
2.
兰州理工大学　材料科学与工程学院，兰州 730050
3.
宁夏大学　机械工程学院，银川 750021

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(52175325；51961024；52071170)

详细信息

通讯作者:
曹睿，博士，教授，博士生导师，研究方向为金属材料失效与断裂　E-mail: caorui@lut.edu.cn

中图分类号: TG335.81；TB331
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-11-07
- 修回日期: 2022-11-28
- 录用日期: 2022-11-30
- 网络出版日期: 2022-12-09
- 刊出日期: 2023-11-01

Improvement of fatigue properties of 316L-2Cr13 multilayer steel compared with all martensite/austenitic multilayer steel

ZHOU Xin^{1, 2},
MA Jingping^{1, 2},
JIANG Xiaoxia³,
CAO Rui^{1, 2
, ,},
YAN Yingjie^{1, 2}

1.
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Nonferrous Metals, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
2.
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
3.
School of Mechanical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China

Funds: National Natural Science Foundation of China (52175325; 51961024; 52071170)

摘要

摘要: 采用升降法与成组法，对奥氏体不锈钢(316L)-马氏体不锈钢(2Cr13)多层不锈钢复合板、全316L及全2Cr13多层钢进行了应力比R_s=0.1的拉拉疲劳试验，获得了应力-寿命(S-N)曲线，且对断口进行了分析。结果表明：由于轧制态组织不均匀，多层钢的S-N曲线出现明显的水平段，有确定的疲劳极限，且316L-2Cr13多层不锈钢复合板的疲劳性能明显优于全316L或全2Cr13多层钢，在应力比为0.1时，疲劳强度可达286 MPa。316L-2Cr13多层不锈钢复合板综合组成材料的优点，2Cr13提供了较高的强度使试样裂纹扩展门槛值较高，从而防止试样快速起裂，316L提供了优异的塑性，阻碍裂纹的扩展。多层钢疲劳断口由起裂源区、裂纹扩展区、瞬断区组成，且裂纹都在应力集中处形核。在裂纹扩展区中，大量的疲劳辉纹存在于316L层，随后在疲劳辉纹中逐渐形成韧窝；而2Cr13层中观察到脆性穿晶断裂，在裂纹扩展后期主要由大块解理面构成。在316L-2Cr13多层不锈钢复合板的瞬断区中，2Cr13层呈现大量的解理面，316L则由大量韧窝构成，层与层之间由剪切韧窝连接。
- 高周疲劳 /
- 316L-2Cr13多层不锈钢复合板 /
- S-N曲线 /
- 拉伸性能 /
- 疲劳断口形貌 /
- 疲劳损伤机制
Abstract: Tension-tension fatigue tests at stress ratio R_s=0.1 were carried out on Austenitic stainless steel (316L)-Martensitic stainless steel (2Cr13) (316L-2Cr13) multilayer steel, all 316L multilayer steel and all 2Cr13 multilayer steel samples using up-and-down method and group method. The stress-life (S-N) curve was obtained and the fracture surface was analyzed. The results show that the S-N curve of multilayer steel has obvious horizontal section and definite fatigue limit due to the non-uniform microstructure in rolling state. The fatigue property of 316L-2Cr13 multilayer stainless steel composite plate is obviously better than that of all 316L or all 2Cr13 multilayer steel. When the stress ratio is 0.1, its fatigue strength can reach 286 MPa. The 316L-2Cr13 multlayer stainless steel composite plate combines the advantages of its constituent materials. 2Cr13 provides high strength to prevent rapid crack initiation of the sample, and 316L provides excellent plasticity to prevent crack propagation. The fatigue fracture surface of multilayer steel consists of fatigue source zone, crack propagation zone and final fracture zone, and the cracks nucleate at the stress concentration. In the crack propagation zone, a large number of fatigue striations exist in the 316L layer, and then dimples gradually form in the fatigue striations. At the same time, brittle transgranular fracture was observed in 2Cr13 layer, which was mainly composed of large cleavage surfaces in the later stage of crack growth. In the transient fracture zone of 316L-2Cr13 multilayer stainless steel composite plate, 2Cr13 layer presents a large number of cleavage surfaces, 316L is composed of a large number of dimples, and the layers are connected by shear dimples.
- high cycle fatigue /
- 316L-2Cr13 multi-layer stainless steel composite plate /
- S-N curve /
- tensile properties /
- fatigue fracture surface /
- fatigue damage mechanism

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图 1 轧制前原材料力学性能与多层钢轧制过程：(a) 固溶态316L；(b) 退火态2Cr13；(c) 多层钢轧制过程

Figure 1. Mechanical properties of raw materials before rolling and rolling process of multilayer steel: (a) Solid solution 316L; (b) As-annealed 2Cr13; (c) Rolling process of multilayer steel

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图 2 3种多层钢的宏观组织形貌：(a) 316L-2Cr13多层钢；(b) 全316L多层钢；(c) 全2Cr13多层钢

Figure 2. Macro microstructure morphologies of three kinds of multilayer steels: (a) 316L-2Cr13 multilayer steel; (b) All 316L multilayer steel; (c) All 2Cr13 multilayer steel

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图 3 多层钢拉伸和疲劳试样尺寸

R—Radius

Figure 3. Tensile and fatigue specimen dimensions of multilayer steel

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图 4 多层钢的组织形貌：(a) 316L-2Cr13多层钢；(b) 全316L多层钢；(c) 全2Cr13多层钢

A—Austenite; M—Martensite; F—Ferrite

Figure 4. Microstructures of multilayer steel: (a) 316L-2Cr13 multilayer steel; (b) All 316L multilayer steel; (c) All 2Cr13 multilayer steel

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图 5 (a) 不同材料组成下多层钢应力-应变曲线；(b) 平均抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率对比；((c)~(e)) 每种试样的具体应力-应变曲线

Figure 5. (a) Stress-strain curves of multilayer steel under different material compositions; (b) Comparison of average tensile strength, yield strength and elongation; ((c)-(e)) Specific stress-strain curves of each sample

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图 6 疲劳试验载荷升降图：(a) 316L-2Cr13多层钢；(b) 全316L多层钢；(c) 全2Cr13多层钢

Figure 6. Fatigue test load up and down diagram: (a) 316L-2Cr13 multilayer steel; (b) All 316L multilayer steel; (c) All 2Cr13 multilayer steel

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图 7 不同材料组成下多层钢应力-寿命(S-N)曲线对比

Figure 7. Comparison of stress-life (S-N) curves of multilayer steel with different material compositions

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图 8 热处理前后316L-2Cr13多层不锈钢性能对比：(a) 应力-应变曲线；(b) S-N曲线

Figure 8. Performance comparison of 316L-2Cr13 multilayer steel before and after heat treatment: (a) Stress-strain curves; (b) S-N curves

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图 9 316L-2Cr13多层不锈钢复合板疲劳断口形貌

Figure 9. Fatigue fracture morphologies of 316L-2Cr13 multilayer steel

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图 10 全316L多层钢疲劳断口形貌

Figure 10. Fatigue fracture morphologies of all 316L multilayer steel

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图 11 全2Cr13多层钢疲劳断口形貌

Figure 11. Fatigue fracture morphologies of all 2Cr13 multilayer steel

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表 1 奥氏体不锈钢(316L)-马氏体不锈钢(2Cr13) (316L-2Cr13)组成材料的化学成分

Table 1. Chemical composition of Austenitic stainless steel (316L)-Martensitic stainless steel (2Cr13) (316L-2Cr13) composition materials wt%

Material	C	Si	Mn	Cr	Ni	Cu	Mo	N
Solid solution 316L	0.0229	0.4710	1.3960	16.5900	10.1400	0.2660	2.1100	0.0116
As-annealed 2Cr13	0.1800	0.6300	0.3800	13.3600	0.1000	–	–	–

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表 2 具体轧制工艺

Table 2. Specific rolling process

Temperature/℃	Material	Layer	Rolling pass
1130	316L-2Cr13	17	7
1130	316L	17	7
1130	2Cr13	17	7

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表 3 材料的基本力学性能和Basquin方程中的疲劳强度系数与指数

Table 3. Basic mechanical properties of materials and fatigue strength coefficient and index in Basquin equation

Material	Tensile strength σ_t/MPa	Yield strength σ_y/MPa	Elongation rate δ/%	Conditional fatigue limit σ_0.1/MPa	Fatigue strength index b	Fatigue strength coefficient σ_f
316L-2Cr13	1147	743	23	288	−0.05476	609.6576
All 316L	685	531	64	247	−0.03320	391.2894
All 2Cr13	1939	1139	13	245	−0.08543	884.2924

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