原位自生TiB<sub>2</sub>/7050铝基复合材料高周疲劳特性

段敏鸽; 李晨; 李彪; 李亚智

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20230112.001

原位自生TiB₂/7050铝基复合材料高周疲劳特性

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20230112.001

段敏鸽¹,
李晨²,
李彪¹,
李亚智^1, ,

1.
西北工业大学　航空学院，西安 710072
2.
西安航天动力研究所　液体火箭发动机技术重点实验室，西安 710100

基金项目: 国家科技重大专项(J2019-I-0016-0015)；中国航空发动机集团产学研合作项目(HFZL2019 CXY015)

详细信息

通讯作者:
李亚智，博士，教授，博士生导师，研究方向为复合材料及其结构力学性能、结构疲劳与断裂、飞机结构耐久性/损伤容限E-mail: yazhi.li@nwpu.edu.cn

中图分类号: TB331
计量
- 文章访问数: 585
- HTML全文浏览量: 300
- PDF下载量: 35
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-11-17
- 修回日期: 2022-12-16
- 录用日期: 2022-12-17
- 网络出版日期: 2023-01-12
- 刊出日期: 2023-11-01

Study on the high cycle fatigue properties of in-situ TiB₂/7050 composite

DUAN Minge¹,
LI Chen²,
LI Biao¹,
LI Yazhi^{1
, ,}

1.
School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
2.
National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Liquid Rocket Engines, Xi'an Aerospace Propulsion Institute, Xi'an 710100, China

Funds: National Science and Technology Major Project (J2019-I-0016-0015); Aero Engine Corporation of China Industry-University-Research Cooperation Project (HFZL2019 CXY015)

摘要

摘要: 原位自生TiB₂/Al复合材料是一类新型铝基复合材料，结合了陶瓷材料高硬度、耐高温、耐腐蚀等和铝合金材料良好的韧性和塑性加工特性等的性能特点，具有高比强度、高比刚度、广泛的合金基体选择范围、原材料成本低、制造和热处理工艺多样化等优势。然而，目前原位自生TiB₂/Al复合材料的疲劳研究多侧重于微观机制研究，疲劳特性鲜有涉及应力比和缺口敏感性的讨论。以体积分数为3.67vol%的原位自生TiB₂颗粒增强7050铝基复合材料(in-situ TiB₂/7050-Al)为研究对象，开展了其高周疲劳特性试验研究，并与不含颗粒的7050铝合金进行对比。试验结果表明：在相同的疲劳载荷下，in-situ TiB₂/7050-Al的疲劳强度明显大于7050铝合金；应力比为0.1和0.5时，该复合材料的疲劳极限较7050铝合金分别提高了24.59%和13.56%。进行了不同应力集中系数下的疲劳寿命对比，结果表明颗粒引入后一定程度上限制了复合材料基体的塑性变形，提高了其缺口敏感性。尽管如此，in-situ TiB₂/7050-Al在存在缺口情况下的疲劳寿命仍高于7050铝合金。in-situ TiB₂/7050-Al作为一种新型轻量化结构材料，有望代替传统铝合金，实现结构静强度和疲劳性能的共同提升。
- 原位自生颗粒 /
- 高周疲劳 /
- 颗粒强化 /
- 缺口效应 /
- 铝基复合材料
Abstract: In-situ TiB₂/Al composite is a new type of aluminum matrix composite, which has the advantages of high specific strength and specific stiffness, good performances on wear resistance, electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity, a variety of matrix alloy candidates, low raw material cost, simple and diversified manufacturing and heat treatment processes. The existing research on the fatigue of in-situ TiB₂/Al composites mainly focuses on the strengthening mechanism in micro-scale and the general understanding of its fatigue performance is not sufficient. It is also lack of fatigue test data of in-situ TiB₂/Al composite for the engineering use. High cycle fatigue properties of the in-situ TiB₂ particle reinforced 7050 aluminum alloy composite (in-situ TiB₂/7050-Al) with volume fraction of 3.67vol% was experimentally investigated with comparison to 7050-Al, the matrix alloy of the composite. The results reveal that the fatigue strength of the in-situ TiB₂/7050-Al is apparently higher than that of 7050-Al. The fatigue limits of in-situ TiB₂/7050-Al are improved by 24.59% and 13.56% for stress ratios 0.1 and 0.5 separately, resulting from the increase of fatigue resistance induced by the tiny TiB₂ particles. The results at different stress concentration levels show that the notch sensitivity of in-situ TiB₂/7050-Al is higher than that of 7050-Al, which may attribute to TiB₂ particles impeding the plastic deformation of the aluminum alloy matrix in the composite. Despite the higher notch sensitivity, the fatigue resistance of the notched composite is still higher than that of the 7050-Al. Therefore, in-situ TiB₂/7050-Al is a promising material for lightweight structure application to replace traditional aluminum alloy in certain circumstances and achieve the joint improvement of static strength and fatigue performance.
- in-situ particle reinforcment /
- high cycle fatigue /
- particle strengthening /
- notch effect /
- aluminum matrix composite

HTML全文

图 1 高周疲劳试样形状及尺寸

$\phi $—Diameter; R—Radius

Figure 1. Geometry of high cycle fatigue specimen

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 环槽缺口试件形式和尺寸：(a) V型缺口；(b) 圆弧缺口

Figure 2. Geometry of notched specimens: (a) V-type notch; (b) Arc notch

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 环槽缺口试样最小截面沿径向由中心至缺口应力分布变化

Figure 3. Tensile stress distributions of notched bar specimens from center to notch edge of the minimum section

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 高周疲劳典型断口形貌，疲劳裂纹萌生位置： (a) in-situ TiB₂/7050-Al近表面夹杂处；(b) in-situ TiB₂/7050-Al 表面处；(c) 7050-Al 表面处

Figure 4. Typical high cycle fatigue fractography of cracks initiation sites: (a) From near surface for in-situ TiB₂/7050-Al; (b) Surface for in-situ TiB₂/7050-Al; (c) Surface for 7050-Al

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 in-situ TiB₂/7050-Al近表面夹杂疲劳裂纹源扫描电镜图像: (a) 二次电子模式；(b) 背散模式；(c) 图5(b)中箭头所示部位EDS元素分析

Figure 5. SEM images of a fatigue crack initiated from a near-surface inclusion in the in-situ TiB₂/7050-Al: (a) Secondary electron mode; (b) Backscattered electron mode; (c) EDS element analysis of the site in Fig.5(b) pointed by arrow

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 in-situ TiB₂/7050-Al高周疲劳(HCF)断口疲劳辉纹

Figure 6. Typical fatigue striation of in-situ TiB₂/7050-Al in high-cycle fatigue (HCF) fracture surface

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 in-situ TiB₂/7050-Al和7050-Al的S-N曲线对比

Figure 7. Comparison of S-N curves for in-situ TiB₂/7050-Al and 7050-Al

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 不同应力比下S-N曲线对比

Figure 8. S-N curves comparison of different stress ratio

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 缺口试样NRB-R3的典型疲劳断口(裂纹从表面起始)：(a) in-situ TiB₂/7050-Al；(b) 7050-Al

Figure 9. Typical fatigue fractography of NRB-R3 specimens (Initiated from surfaces): (a) in-situ TiB₂/7050-Al; (b) 7050-Al

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 不同应力集中系数下S-N曲线对比

Figure 10. S-N curves comparison at different stress concentration

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 原位自生TiB₂颗粒增强7050铝基复合材料(in-situ TiB₂/7050-Al)和7050-Al拉伸性能

Table 1. Tensile properties of in-situ TiB₂ particle reinforced 7050 aluminum alloy composite (in-situ TiB₂/7050-Al) and 7050-Al

Material	E/GPa	σ_y/MPa	σ_b/MPa	δ/%
in-situ TiB₂/7050-Al	73.21	657.53	719.75	6.35
7050-Al	70.27	500.43	593.48	10.93
Notes: E—Elastic modulus; σ_y—Yield strength; σ_b—Ultimate strength; δ—Elongation.

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 环槽缺口圆棒试样分组信息

Table 2. Sets of the notched round bar specimens

Specimen	R/mm	D/mm	K_t
NRB-R0.2	0.2	6	2.53
NRB-R1	1.0	6	1.77
NRB-R3	3.0	6	1.37
Notes: NRB—Notched round bar; D—Diameter of minimum section; K_t—Stress concentration factor.

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 两种材料成组法疲劳试验结果分析(R_s=0.1)

Table 3. Statistics results of fatigue life for two materials by grouping method (R_s=0.1)

Material	${\sigma _{{\text{max}}}}$/MPa	N_et	$\overline N $/cycle	S	C_ov/%
in-situ TiB₂/ 7050-Al	530	4	19376	0.134	3.12
	500	4	34545	0.081	1.79
	470	5	40440	0.107	2.32
	440	4	95806	0.154	3.09
7050-Al	400	3	23543	0.058	1.33
	370	6	98418	0.195	3.92
	340	4	175461	0.099	1.89
	320	3	1742584	0.133	2.14
Notes: R_s—Stress ratio; N_et—Number of effective specimens; $\overline N $—Logrithimic mean life; S—Standard deviation; C_ov—Dispersion coefficients; σ_max—Maximum level of a stress cycle.

下载: 导出CSV

表 4 两种材料成组法疲劳试验结果分析(R_s=0.5)

Table 4. Statistics results of fatigue life for two materials by grouping method (R_s=0.5)

Material	${\sigma _{{\text{max}}}}$/MPa	N_et	$\overline N $/cycle	S	C_ov/%
in-situ TiB₂/ 7050-Al	530	3	43931	0.040	0.86
	500	3	88728	0.058	1.18
	470	5	100643	0.159	3.17
	450	3	4075838	0.111	1.68
7050-Al	500	4	34343	0.054	1.18
	450	3	62569	0.088	1.84
	430	3	94361	0.096	1.93
	410	3	795591	0.060	1.02

下载: 导出CSV

表 5 升降法疲劳极限结果分析

Table 5. Fatigue limit obtained by up-down method

Material	R_s	N_ep	σ_f/MPa	S/MPa	C_ov/%
in-situ TiB₂/7050-Al	0.1	6	380.00	10.95	2.88
in-situ TiB₂/7050-Al	0.5	6	446.67	16.33	3.66
7050-Al	0.1	4	305.00	10.00	3.28
7050-Al	0.5	6	393.33	7.53	1.91
Notes: N_ep—Number of effective matched pairs; σ_f—Fatigue limit.

下载: 导出CSV

表 6 in-situ TiB₂/7050-Al和7050-Al的疲劳强度-寿命(S-N)曲线参数

Table 6. Equation parameters of the fitted fatigue strength-life (S-N) curves of in-situ TiB₂/7050-Al and 7050-Al

Material	R_s	a	b	c
in-situ TiB₂/7050-Al	0.1	380.28	4.6306×10⁻⁶	−0.13448
in-situ TiB₂/7050-Al	0.5	446.43	1.0202×10⁻⁵	−0.17071
7050-Al	0.1	309.13	1.0565×10⁻⁶	−0.06955
7050-Al	0.5	401.79	1.5637×10⁻⁵	−0.24802
Notes: a, b, c—Parameters in Equation (1).

下载: 导出CSV

表 7 成组法环槽缺口圆棒疲劳试验结果分析(R_s=0.1)

Table 7. Statistics analysis of fatigue life from notched round bar specimens by grouping method (R_s=0.1)

Material	K_t	$\mathop {\sigma }\nolimits_{{\text{net}}}^{{\text{max}}} $/MPa	N_et	$\overline N $/cycle	S	C_ov /%
in-situ TiB₂/ 7050-Al	1.37	340	4	73292	0.124	2.87
		360	3	43990	0.087	1.88
		380	4	22079	0.152	3.13
	1.77	220	4	29680	0.088	2.33
		260	4	17564	0.105	2.47
		320	3	5820	0.030	0.68
	2.53	120	4	128424	0.132	2.90
	2.53	160	4	34241	0.138	2.70
7050-Al	1.37	320	8	31409	0.242	5.38
		360	3	25044	0.087	1.98
		400	4	9902	0.116	2.90
	1.77	220	3	32184	0.043	1.07
	1.77	280	3	9793	0.039	0.87
	2.53	120	3	74996	0.026	0.58
	2.53	170	3	34097	0.090	1.84
Note: $\mathop {\sigma }\nolimits_{{\text{net}}}^{{\text{max}}} $—Maximum net section stress of a stress cycle.

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(39)

[1]	LLOYD D J. Particle reinforced aluminium and magnesium matrix composites[J]. International Materials Reviews,1994,39(1):1-23. doi: 10.1179/imr.1994.39.1.1
[2]	侯丽丽, 尹志新, 樊新波. 铝基复合材料的研究现状及发展[J]. 热加工工艺, 2008, 37(10):84-88. HOU Lili, YIN Zhixin, FAN Xinbo. Study status and progress of aluminum matrix composite[J]. Hot Working Technology,2008,37(10):84-88(in Chinese).
[3]	王宇鑫, 张瑜, 严鹏飞, 等. 铝基复合材料的研究[J]. 上海有色金属, 2010, 31(4):194-198. WANG Yuxin, ZHANG Yu, YAN Pengfei, et al. Development of aluminum matrix composites[J]. Shanghai Nonferrous Metals,2010,31(4):194-198(in Chinese).
[4]	武高辉, 匡泽洋. 装备升级换代背景下金属基复合材料的发展机遇和挑战[J]. 中国工程科学, 2020, 22(2):79-90. WU Gaohui, KUANG Zeyang. Opportunities and challenges for metal matrix composites in the context of equipment upgrading[J]. Strategic Study of Chinese Academy of Engineering,2020,22(2):79-90(in Chinese).
[5]	MATIN M A, LU L, GUPTA M. Investigation of the reactions between boron and titanium compounds with magnesium[J]. Scripta Materialia,2001,45(4):479-486. doi: 10.1016/S1359-6462(01)01059-4
[6]	曹鹏, 曲选辉. 金属基复合材料的原位反应合成技术[J]. 上海有色金属, 1995, 16(4):235-239. CAO Peng, QU Xuanhui. In-situ reactive synthesis technique of metal-base composite[J]. Shanghai Nonferrous Metals,1995,16(4):235-239(in Chinese).
[7]	DAS K, BANDYOPADHYAY T K, DAS S. A review on the various synthesis routes of TiC reinforced ferrous based composites[J]. Journal of Materials Science,2002,37(18):3881-3892. doi: 10.1023/A:1019699205003
[8]	KURUVILLA A K, PRASAD K S, BHANUPRASAD V V, et al. Microstructure-property correlation in AlTiB₂ (XD) composites[J]. Scripta Metallurgica et Materialia,1990,24(5):873-878. doi: 10.1016/0956-716X(90)90128-4
[9]	CARACOSTAS C A, CHIOU W A, FINE M E, et al. Wear mechanisms during lubricated sliding of XD™ 2024-Al TiB₂ metal matrix composites against steel[J]. Scripta Metallurgica et Materialia,1992,27(2):167-172. doi: 10.1016/0956-716X(92)90107-P
[10]	GOTMAN I, KOCZAK M J, SHTESSEL E. Fabrication of Al matrix in situ composites via self-propagating synthesis[J]. Materials Science and Engineering A,1994,187(2):189-199. doi: 10.1016/0921-5093(94)90347-6
[11]	CARACOSTAS C A, CHIOU W A, FINE M E, et al. Tribological properties of aluminum alloy matrix TiB₂ composite prepared by in situ processing[J]. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A,1997,28(2):491-502. doi: 10.1007/s11661-997-0150-2
[12]	WANG M L, CHEN D, CHEN Z, et al. Mechanical properties of in-situ TiB₂/A356 composites[J]. Materials Science and Engineering A,2014,590:246-254.
[13]	GENG J W, LIU G, WANG F F, et al. Microstructural and mechanical anisotropy of extruded in-situ TiB₂/2024 composite plate[J]. Materials Science and Engineering A,2017,687:131-140.
[14]	谭志刚, 赵兴东, 唐军, 等. TiB₂/7050铝基复合材料风扇叶片锻件的研制[J]. 热加工工艺, 2018, 47(11):114-116, 119. TAN Zhigang, ZHAO Xingdong, TANG Jun, et al. Development of TiB₂/7050 aluminium matrix composite Fan blade forgings[J]. Hot Working Technology,2018,47(11):114-116, 119(in Chinese).
[15]	周超羡, 李迪, 廖连芳, 等. TiB₂增强铝基复合材料低压压气机静子叶片高循环疲劳试验研究[J]. 航空制造技术, 2018, 61(16):85-90, 95. ZHOU Chaoxian, LI Di, LIAO Lianfang, et al. Study on high cycle fatigue experiment of low pressure compressor stator vanes of TiB₂ reinforced aluminum metal matrix compo-site[J]. Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology,2018,61(16):85-90, 95(in Chinese).
[16]	PANDEY A B, MISHRA R S, MAHAJAN Y R. High-tempera-ture creep of Al/TiB₂ particulate composites[J]. Materials Science and Engineering A,1994,189(1):95-104.
[17]	WANG F F, XU J M, LI J G, et al. Fatigue crack initiation and propagation in A356 alloy reinforced with in situ TiB₂ particles[J]. Materials & Design,2012,33:236-241.
[18]	KARBALAEI A M, BAHARVANDI H R, SHIRVANIMOGHADDAM K. Tensile and fracture behavior of nano/micro TiB₂ particle reinforced casting A356 aluminum alloy compo-sites[J]. Materials & Design,2015,66:150-161.
[19]	MA Y, CHEN Z, WANG M L, et al. High cycle fatigue behavior of the in-situ TiB₂/7050 composite[J]. Materials Science and Engineering A,2015,640:350-356.
[20]	GENG J W, LIU G, WANG F F, et al. Microstructural correlated damage mechanisms of the high-cycle fatigued in-situ TiB₂/Al-Cu-Mg composite[J]. Materials & Design,2017,135:423-438.
[21]	MA Y, GENG J W, CHEN Z, et al. Experimental study of the mechanisms of nanoparticle influencing the fatigue crack growth in an in-situ TiB₂/Al-Zn-Mg-Cu composite[J]. Engineering Fracture Mechanics,2019,207:23-35. doi: 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2018.12.011
[22]	XIONG Y F, WANG W H, SHI Y Y, et al. Fatigue behavior of in-situ TiB₂/7050 Al metal matrix composites: Fracture mechanisms and fatigue life modeling after milling[J]. International Journal of Fatigue,2020,138:105698. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2020.105698
[23]	GENG J W, LI Y G, XIAO H Y, et al. Study fatigue crack initiation in TiB₂/Al-Cu-Mg composite by in-situ SEM and X-ray microtomography[J]. International Journal of Fatigue,2021,142:105976. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2020.105976
[24]	LIU K, LI Y Z, DUAN M G, et al. Fatigue life prediction of in-situ TiB₂/2024 aluminum matrix composite[J]. International Journal of Fatigue,2021,145:106128. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2020.106128
[25]	XIONG Y F, WANG W H, SHI Y Y, et al. Investigation on surface roughness, residual stress and fatigue property of milling in-situ TiB₂/7050Al metal matrix composites[J]. Chinese Journal of Aeronautics,2021,34(4):451-464. doi: 10.1016/j.cja.2020.08.046
[26]	American Society for Testing and Materials. Standard practice for conducting force controlled constant amplitude axial fatigue tests of metallic materials: ASTM E466[S]. West Conshohocken: ASTM international, 2015.
[27]	中国国家标准化管理委员会. 金属材料疲劳试验轴向力控制方法: GB/T 3075[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2008. Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China. Metallic materials: Fatigue testing: Axial-force controlled method: GB/T 3075[S]. Beijing: China Standards Press, 2008(in Chinese).
[28]	中华人民共和国航空工业部. 材料疲劳试验统计分析方法: HB/Z 112[S]. 北京: 航空工业部, 1986. Ministry of Aviation Industry of the People’s Republic of China. The statistical analysis method for material fatigue tests: HB/Z 112[S]. Beijing: Ministry of Aviation Industry, 1986(in Chinese).
[29]	SUGIMURA Y, SURESH S. Effects of SiC content on fatigue crack growth in aluminum alloys reinforced with SiC particles[J]. Metallurgical Transactions A, 1992, 23(8): 2231-2242.
[30]	PARK B G, CROSKY A G, HELLIER A K. High cycle fatigue behaviour of microsphere Al₂O₃-Al particulate metal matrix composites[J]. Composites Part B: Engineering,2008,39(7-8):1257-1269. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2008.01.006
[31]	DUAN M G, LI Y Z, YANG X, et al. Mechanical responses of in-situ TiB₂/7050 composite subjected to monotonic and cyclic loadings: A comparative study with 7050-Al[J]. International Journal of Fatigue,2022,163:107102. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2022.107102
[32]	CHAWLA N, HABEL U, SHEN Y L, et al. The effect of matrix microstructure on the tensile and fatigue behavior of SiC particle-reinforced 2080 Al matrix composites[J]. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A,2000,31(2):531-540. doi: 10.1007/s11661-000-0288-7
[33]	MOHANTY P S, GRUZLESKI J E. Mechanism of grain refinement in aluminium[J]. Acta Metallurgica et Materialia,1995,43(5):2001-2012. doi: 10.1016/0956-7151(94)00405-7
[34]	WANG C L, WANG M X, YU B H, et al. The grain refinement behavior of TiB₂ particles prepared with in situ technology[J]. Materials Science and Engineering: A,2007,459(1-2):238-243. doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2007.01.013
[35]	ARMSTRONG R W. The influence of polycrystal grain size on several mechanical properties of materials[J]. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B,1970,1(5):1169-1176. doi: 10.1007/BF02900227
[36]	THOMPSON A W, BACKOFEN W A. The effect of grain size on fatigue[J]. Acta Metallurgica,1971,19(7):597-606. doi: 10.1016/0001-6160(71)90012-5
[37]	TURNBULL A, DE LOS RIOS E R. The effect of grain size on fatigue crack growth in an aluminium magnesium alloy[J]. Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures,1995,18(11):1355-1366.
[38]	MA Z Y, LI J H, LI S X, et al. Property-microstructure correlation in in situ formed Al₂O₃, TiB₂ and Al₃Ti mixture-reinforced aluminium composites[J]. Journal of Materials Science,1996,31(3):741-747. doi: 10.1007/BF00367894
[39]	LU L, LAI M O, CHEN F L. Al-4wt%Cu composite reinforced with in-situ TiB₂ particles[J]. Acta Materialia,1997,45(10):4297-4309. doi: 10.1016/S1359-6454(97)00075-X