不同应用场景下超高分子量聚乙烯/弹性体复合材料力学性能劣化规律

陈谦; 王朝辉; 张文武; 李彦伟; 王珊珊

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20230111.001

不同应用场景下超高分子量聚乙烯/弹性体复合材料力学性能劣化规律

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20230111.001

1.
长安大学　公路学院，西安 710064
2.
山东高速集团有限公司，济南 250098
3.
太行城乡建设集团有限公司，石家庄 050090

基金项目: 陕西省创新能力支撑计划项目(2022 TD-07)；山东高速集团养护科技项目(QLTD-2019-A-FW-0059)；太行城乡建设集团有限公司科技项目(KT-2)；陕西省博士后科研项目(2023BSHYDZZ120)Innovation Capability Support Program of Shaanxi (2022 TD-07); Technology Project of Shandong Hi-Speed Group CO., LTD. (QLTD-2019-A-FW-0059); Technology Project of Taihang Urban and Rural Construction Group CO., LTD. (KT-2); Shaanxi Province Postdoctoral Research Project (2023BSHYDZZ120)

详细信息

通讯作者:
王朝辉，博士，教授，博士生导师，研究方向为功能性道路材料　E-mail: wchh0205@chd.edu.cn

中图分类号: TB332
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-11-15
- 修回日期: 2022-12-21
- 录用日期: 2022-12-29
- 网络出版日期: 2023-01-12
- 刊出日期: 2023-11-01

Degradation law of mechanical properties for ultra high molecular weight polyethylene/elastomer composites at different application environments

1.
School of Highway, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, China
2.
Shandong Hi-Speed Group CO., LTD., Jinan 250098, China
3.
Taihang Urban and Rural Construction Group CO., LTD., Shijiazhuang 050090, China

摘要

摘要: 为揭示弹性体复合材料在不同服役环境下力学性能的劣化规律，以促进其在无溶剂涂层领域的推广应用，制备了超高分子量聚乙烯/弹性体(UHMWPE/EL)复合材料，模拟了湿热老化、低温脆化与气候老化等应用场景，研究了不同场景下弹性体及其复合材料的各项力学性能演变过程及规律，评价了不同变形及环境温度下复合材料的形状自动回复能力损伤状况，最终探明了复合材料的耐久性及环境适应性。结果表明：UHMWPE/EL复合材料在不同应用环境连续暴露7天或81 h后的力学性能保持率均大于90%，满足规范要求；湿热、寒冷、气候老化等环境暴露30天后，复合材料力学性能衰减15%~20%；复合材料具有优异热稳定性与形状自动回复能力，拉伸、弯曲和扭转等不同变形方式下的回复率达90%以上。
- 复合材料 /
- 弹性体 /
- 力学性能 /
- 劣化规律 /
- 形状记忆 /
- 超高分子量聚乙烯
Abstract: The purpose is to reveal the deterioration law of mechanical properties for elastomer composites at different service environments and promote their popularization and application in the field of solvent-free coatings. Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene/elastomer (UHMWPE/EL) composites were prepared. Application environments such as hydrothermal aging, low-temperature embrittlement and climate aging were simulated, and the evolution process and laws of various mechanical properties for elastomer and its composites at different environments were studied. The damage status of shape auto restore ability for composites at different deformations and temperatures was evaluated. Finally, the durability and environmental adaptability of composites were proved. The results show that after continuous exposure for 7 days or 81 h at different application environments, the retention rates of mechanical properties for UHMWPE/EL composites are more than 90%, which meet the requirements of specifications. And the mechanical properties of composites decrease 15%-20% after being exposed to hygrothermal environment, cold environment and weathering environment for 30 days. The composites have obvious thermal stability and automatic shape recovery ability, and the recovery rates at different deformation modes of tension, bending and torsion are over 90%.
- composites /
- elastomer /
- mechanical properties /
- deterioration law /
- shape memory /
- ultra high molecular weight polyethylene

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图 1 湿热环境下UHMWPE/EL力学性能变化状况

Figure 1. Change of mechanical properties for UHMWPE/EL at hygrothermal environment

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图 2 湿热环境下UHMWPE/EL力学性能保持率

Figure 2. Mechanical property retention of UHMWPE/EL at hygrothermal environment

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图 3 湿热环境下UHMWPE/EL缓力功效状况

σ_m—Maximum value of stress

Figure 3. Cushion property change of UHMWPE/EL at hygrothermal environment

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图 4 寒冷环境下UHMWPE/EL力学性能变化状况

Figure 4. Change of mechanical properties for UHMWPE/EL at cold environment

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图 5 低温环境下UHMWPE/EL力学性能保持率

Figure 5. Mechanical property retention of UHMWPE/EL at cold environment

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图 6 低温环境下UHMWPE/EL缓力功效状况

Figure 6. Cushion property change of UHMWPE/EL at cold environment

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图 7 气候老化环境下UHMWPE/EL力学性能变化状况

Figure 7. Change of mechanical properties for UHMWPE/EL at weathering environment

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图 8 气候老化环境下UHMWPE/EL力学性能保持率

Figure 8. Mechanical property retention of UHMWPE/EL at weathering environment

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图 9 气候老化环境下UHMWPE/EL缓力功效状况

Figure 9. Cushion property change of UHMWPE/EL at weathering environment

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图 10 UHMWPE/EL的TG-DSC曲线

Figure 10. TG-DSC curves of UHMWPE/EL

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图 11 UHMWPE/EL形状记忆试验过程

Figure 11. Process of shape memory test for UHMWPE/EL

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图 12 拉伸变形下的UHMWPE/EL试件长度(a)及回复比例(b)

Figure 12. Length (a) and recovery rate (b) of UHMWPE/EL test piece under tension deformation

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图 13 弯曲变形下的UHMWPE/EL试件弯曲角度(a)及回复比例(b)

Figure 13. Bending angle (a) and recovery rate (b) of UHMWPE/EL test piece under bending deformation

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图 14 扭转变形下的UHMWPE/EL试件扭转角度(a)及回复比例(b)

Figure 14. Torsion angle (a) and recovery rate (b) of UHMWPE/EL test piece under torsion deformation

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表 1 弹性体(EL)技术参数

Table 1. Technical parameters of elastomer (EL)

Project	Technical parameter
Solid content/%	100
Density/(g∙cm⁻³)	1.02
Gel time/s	15-20
Surface drying time/s	30-35
Low temperature bending property/℃	−35
Impact resistance/(kg∙m)	1.0
Water permeability (0.4 MPa, 2 h)	Impervious
Hardness (Shore A)	85-90
Wear resistance/(750 g·(500 r)^–1·mg^–1)	5.0

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表 2 超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)微粉技术参数

Table 2. Technical parameters of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) micropowder

Parameter	Value
Density/(g∙cm⁻³)	0.920-0.964
Granularity/µm	125
Melting point/℃	130-136
Molecular weight	2×10⁶-3×10⁶
Heat distortion temperature/℃	80

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表 3 人工气候老化与自然老化对照

Table 3. Matching relation between artificial weathering and natural aging

Natural aging time/month	Solar radiant energy/(MJ·m⁻²)	Natural rainfall/mm	Artificial aging time/h	Radiant energy of Xenon lamp/(MJ·m⁻²)	Spraying water volume/mm
0.037	4.32	1.85	1	4.32	1.85
1	116.67	50.00	27	116.64	49.95
3	350.00	150.00	81	349.92	149.85
6	700.00	300.00	162	699.84	299.70
12	1400.00	600.00	324	1399.68	599.40

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表 4 UHMWPE/EL热失重对应温度

Table 4. Corresponding temperature of thermal weight loss of UHMWPE/EL

Thermal weightlessness	Temperature/℃
Weightlessness 2%	155
Weightlessness 5%	260
Weightlessness 25%	337
Maximum weight loss rate	405
Weightlessness 93%	500

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