Mechanical behavior of 2D braided composites under the coupling effect of moisture and load
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摘要: 为了研究长期水分-载荷耦合作用下2D编织复合材料的吸湿行为及性能劣化规律，设计了水分-载荷耦合环境老化装置，开展了不同应力水平下碳纤维增强环氧树脂(T300/H69)平纹编织复合材料的吸湿试验及吸湿后的拉伸试验。结果表明：T300/H69 编织复合材料的吸湿量与拉伸预应力总体上呈现正相关，随着拉伸预应力的增大而增大；相对于水分单独作用，水分-载荷耦合作用下材料的弹性模量和强度退化更明显，在140%σs (σs为屈服强度)预应力下作用432 h后，编织复合材料的弹性模量及失效强度分别下降达55.9%和35.4%。此外，通过宏微观断面分析，进一步揭示长期水分-载荷耦合作用下编织复合材料性能的退化机制，并基于Shiva剩余强度理论，改进了水分-载荷作用下复合材料的剩余强度模型，预测结果良好，为复杂环境下复合材料耐久性设计提供指导。Abstract: In order to study the moisture absorption behavior and performance degradation law of 2D braided composites under long-term moisture-load coupling, a moisture-load coupled aging device was designed. The moisture absorption test and tensile test after moisture absorption of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin (T300/H69) plain woven composite material under different stress levels were carried out. The results show that the moisture absorption of T300/H69 braided composites is positively correlated with the tensile prestress, and increases with the increase of tensile prestress. Compared with the effect of water alone, the elastic modulus and strength degradation of the material under moisture-load coupling are more obvious. After 432 h at 140%σs (σs is yield stress) prestress, the elastic modulus and failure strength of the braided composites decreased by 55.9% and 35.4%, respectively. In addition, the degradation mechanism of braided composites under long-term moisture-load coupling is further revealed by macro and micro section analysis. Based on Shiva's residual strength theory, the residual strength model of composites under moisture-load is improved, and the prediction results are good, which provides guidance for the durability design of composites in complex environment.
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图 2 不同预应力下T300/H69编织复合材料的吸湿量-时间变化曲线
Figure 2. Moisture absorption-time curves of T300/H69 braided composites under different prestresses
图 3 不同预应力下T300/H69编织复合材料的吸湿量
Figure 3. Moisture absorption of T300/H69 braided composites under different prestresses
图 4 不同工况下作用288 h后T300/H69编织复合材料的载荷-位移曲线
Figure 4. Load-displacement curves of T300/H69 braided composites after 288 h under different working conditions
图 5 不同环境中T300/H69编织复合材料的弹性模量(a)及失效强度(b)
Figure 5. Elastic modulus (a) and failure strength (b) of T300/H69 braided composites in different environments
图 6 T300/H69编织复合材料的预应力-失效强度曲线
Figure 6. Prestress-failure strength curves of T300/H69 braided composites
图 7 T300/H69编织复合材料的弹性模量(a)及失效强度(b)随吸湿量的变化
Figure 7. Elastic modulus (a) and failure strength (b) of T300/H69 braided composites change with moisture absorption
图 8 T300/H69编织复合材料宏观断口形貌
Figure 8. Macroscopic fracture surface of T300/H69 braided composites
图 9 T300/H69编织复合材料试样拉伸断口的SEM图像
Figure 9. SEM images of tensile fracture of T300/H69 braided composites specimen
图 10 T300/H69编织复合材料不同模型下的拟合结果
Figure 10. Fitting results under different models of T300/H69 braided composites
表 1 碳纤维增强环氧树脂(T300/H69)复合材料的基本力学性能参数
Table 1. Basic mechanical properties of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin (T300/H69) composites
Engineering constant Value Engineering constant Value E1/GPa 55.90 XT/MPa 602 E2/GPa 54.60 XC/MPa 431 E3/GPa 7.220 YT/MPa 597 G12/GPa 3.812 YC/MPa 422 G13/GPa 3.122 ZT/MPa 60 G23/GPa 3.122 ZC/MPa 152 $ \nu _{12}$ 0.068 S12/MPa 83 $ \nu _{13}$ 0.310 S13/MPa 49 $ \nu_{23} $ 0.310 S23/MPa 49 Notes: E1, E2 and E3—Elastic modulus in different directions; G12, G13 and G23—Shear modulus in different directions; $ \nu_{12} $, $ \nu_{13} $ and $ \nu_{23} $—Poisson's ratio of the material; XT, XC, YT, YC, ZT, ZC—Axial tension, axial compression, transverse tension, transverse compression, normal tension, normal tension; S12, S13, S23—In-plane shear strength. 
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表 2 试验矩阵
Table 2. Test matrix
Pretreated Specimen group Test time/h Untreated Dry 0 Moisture Wet 144, 288, 432 Load D-80%σs 288 D-110%σs 288 D-120%σs 288 Moisture-load W-80%σs 144, 288, 432 W-100%σs 144, 288, 432 W-120%σs 144, 288, 432 W-140%σs 144, 288, 432 Notes: D and W—Dry state and moisture absorption state of the material; σs—Yield stress.
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表 3 Fick吸湿模型的相关参数
Table 3. Relevant parameters of Fick moisture absorption
Tensile prestress Diffusion coefficient D/(mm2·h−1) Balanced moisture
content M∞/%0 0.00175 0.464 80%σs 0.00192 0.612 100%σs 0.00213 0.706 120%σs 0.00229 0.917 140%σs 0.00257 1.297
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表 4 T300/H69编织复合材料的弹性模量及强度
Table 4. Elastic modulus and strength of T300/H69 braided composites
Category 144 h 288 h 432 h E/GPa σf/GPa E/GPa σf/GPa E/GPa σf/GPa Moisture Average 13.721 0.195 13.627 0.193 13.586 0.192 CV 2.13% 2.31% 4.61% 2.01% 1.09% 1.82% D-80%σs Average — — 13.204 0.191 — — CV — — 2.61% 2.30% — — D-100%σs Average — — 12.715 0.187 — — CV — — 1.89% 1.6% — — D-120%σs Average — — 10.643 0.180 — — CV — — 3.64% 1.78% — — W-80%σs Average 12.873 0.190 12.682 0.184 12.535 0.181 CV 2.05% 0.74% 3.01% 1.36% 2.43% 1.88% W-100%σs Average 11.947 0.182 11.516 0.174 11.419 0.169 CV 4.19% 2.58% 3.32% 2.82% 5.08% 3.02% W-120%σs Average 10.404 0.162 9.506 0.151 8.975 0.143 CV 3.27% 3.33% 4.12% 3.88% 5.39% 2.66% W-140%σs Average 9.232 0.151 7.521 0.138 6.136 0.128 CV 4.78% 2.72% 5.66% 3.38% 7.12% 4.11% Notes: E—Elastic modulus of the material; σf—Failure strength of the material; CV—Coefficient of variation.
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