相变微胶囊光热转换机制及性能增强研究进展

王程遥; 李昭君; 张涛; 朱群志

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20230802.004

相变微胶囊光热转换机制及性能增强研究进展

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20230802.004

上海电力大学　能源与机械工程学院，上海 201306

基金项目: 高端外国专家引进计划(G2022013028L)

详细信息

通讯作者:
王程遥，博士，讲师，硕士生导师，研究方向为液滴微流控与功能材料　E-mail: wangchengyao@shiep.edu.cn

中图分类号: TK02；TB33
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-05-26
- 修回日期: 2023-07-02
- 录用日期: 2023-07-23
- 网络出版日期: 2023-08-02
- 刊出日期: 2024-02-01

Research progress in photothermal conversion mechanism and performance enhancement of the microencapsulated phase change materials

College of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 201306, China

Funds: National Innovation Talent Promotion Program (G2022013028L)

摘要

摘要: 微胶囊相变材料解决了相变材料易泄露、易腐蚀的问题，被广泛应用在太阳能利用、调温纤维与织物、节能建筑和传热流体等领域。但常规相变微胶囊由于芯壳结构，削弱了光热转换性能，存在光热转换性能差的问题，通过添加光热材料对相变微胶囊改性可以有效提高光热转换性能。本文首先总结了相变微胶囊芯材、壳材的选择及各类材料的特点。重点阐述了有机光热材料、碳基材料、半导体材料、金属基材料等光热材料的特点及其光热转换机制。同时，引入光热转换效率，概述了不同改性材料对相变微胶囊光热性能的提升。最后展望了光热转换改性相变微胶囊未来的发展方向。
- 相变微胶囊 /
- 太阳能 /
- 光热转换 /
- 复合材料 /
- 光热转换效率 /
- 改性 /
- 研究进展
Abstract: Microencapsulated phase change materials (MPCM) can effectively prevent leakage and corrosion of phase change materials, which are widely utilized in the fields of solar energy utilization, thermo-regulated fibers and fabrics, energy saving buildings and heat transfer fluids. However, there is a problem that the core-shell structure of conventional MPCM weakens the photothermal conversion performance. The poor performance can be effectively improved by modifying MPCM with the addition of photothermal materials. In this paper, the materials of MPCM’s core and shell and their characteristics are summarized. The characteristics and photothermal conversion mechanisms of photothermal materials, including organic photothermal materials, carbon-based materials, semiconductor materials, metal-based materials and other photothermal materials, are illustrated. Additionally, photothermal conversion efficiency is introduced to evaluate the enhancement of photothermal properties of modified MPCM with different modified photothermal materials. Finally, future trend of modified MPCM with photothermal conversion is prospected.
- microencapsulated phase change materials /
- solar energy /
- photothermal conversion /
- composities /
- photothermal conversion efficiency /
- modification /
- research progress

HTML全文

图 1 有机光热材料光热转换机制图^[83]

HOMO—Highest occupied molecular orbital; LUMO—Lowest unoccupiedmolecular orbital

Figure 1. Photothermal conversion mechanism diagram of organic photothermal materials^[83]

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图 2 碳纳米管(CNTs)^[90](a)和氧化石墨烯(GO)^[93](b)的微观形貌SEM图像； (c)碳基材料光热转换机制^[94]

Figure 2. SEM images of carbon nanotubes (CNTs)^[90] (a) and graphene oxide (GO)^[93] (b); (c) Photothermal conversion mechanism of carbon based materials^[94]

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图 3 (a)典型金属纳米粒子的光吸收带宽^[100]；(b)金属材料光热转换机制^[103]

Figure 3. (a) Optical absorptive bandwidth of representative metal nanoparticles^[100]; (b) Photothermal conversion mechanism of metal materials^[103]

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图 4 半导体材料光热转换机制图^[112]

VB—Valenceband; CB—Conduction band

Figure 4. Image of photothermal conversion mechanism of semiconductor materials^[112]

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图 5 (a) MPCM制备原理图；(b) 不同壳层SiO₂(SCN)、SiO₂/聚多巴胺(SCN/PDA)_、SiO₂/聚吡咯(SCN/PPy)、SiO₂/聚多巴胺掺杂聚吡咯(SCN/PAP)的MPCM光吸收强度曲线；(c) 不同比例的PAP∶ SCN的MPCM光吸收强度曲线^[122]

CTAB—Cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide; n-OD—n-octadecane; TEOS—Tetraethyl orthosilicate; PY—Pyrrole; DA—Dopamine; SCN micro-PCMs—n-OD@SiO₂ microencapsulated phase change materials; PAP—Polydopamine-doped polypyrrole complexes

Figure 5. (a) Preparation principle of MPCM; (b) Light absorption intensity curves of MPCM with different shells n-OD@SiO₂ (SCN), SCN/polydopamine (PDA), SCN/polypyrrole (PPy), SCN/polydopamine-doped polypyrrole complexes (PAP); (c) Light absorption intensity curves of PAP∶SCN MPCM with different ratios^[122]

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图 6 (a)石蜡@TiO₂-GO MPCM的制备原理；(b) MPCM的光热转换率变化曲线；(c) UV-vis漫反射光谱曲线^[126]

TBT—Tetrabutyl titanate; GO—Graphene oxide

Figure 6. (a) Preparation principle of paraffin@TiO₂-GO MPCM; (b) Photothermal conversion curves of MPCM; (c) UV-vis diffuse reflection spectra^[126]

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图 7 (a) 不同样品的紫外-可见光谱^[134]；(b) 不同量SiC的MPCM的时间-温度曲线^[138]；(c) 不同MPCM的温度-时间响应曲线；(d) 不同样品的各波段光响应曲线^[139]

UVA—Ultraviolet visible A (400-320 nm); UVB—Ultraviolet visible B (320-280 nm); UVC—Ultraviolet visible C (100-280 nm); CA—Capric acid

Figure 7. (a) Ultraviolet visible spectra of the different samples^[134]; (b) Time-temperature curves of the MPCM with different amount of SiC^[138]; (c) Temperature-time response curves of different MPCM; (d) Light response curves of different samples at different wavelengths^[139]

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图 8 (a)样品M0(正十八烷@CuS-SiO₂ MPCM)及其不同反应温度M4 (60℃)、M2 (70℃)、M5 (80℃)下的吸收光谱^[145]；(b)不同样品的吸收光谱^[147]

NIR—Near-infrared

Figure 8. (a) Absorbance spectra of samples M0 (n-octadecane@CuS-SiO₂ MPCM), different reaction temperature M4 (60℃), M2 (70℃), M5 (80℃)^[145]; (b) Absorption spectra of different samples^[147]

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表 1 相变微胶囊(MPCM)常见的芯材材料

Table 1. Common core materials of microencapsulated phase change materials (MPCM)

		Material	Melting enthalpy/(J·g⁻¹)	Melting temperature/℃	Ref.
Organic material	Paraffin	n-hexadecane	254.7	20.84	[23]
		n-octadecane	230.0	28.2	[24]
		n-eicosane	189.0	18-30	[25]
	Alcohol	n-dodecanol	200.0	18-28	[26]
	Alcohol	Myristyl alcohol	220.0	38	[27]
	Fatty acid	Palmitic acid	226.2	65	[28]
		Lauric acid	232.6	44.2	[29]
		Capric acid	177.0	31.84	[30]
Inorganic material	Carbonate	$ {\text{Na}}_{2}{\text{CO}}_{3} $	275.7	854	[31]
	Nitrate	$ {\text{NaNO}}_{3} $	180.0	300	[32]
	Nitrate	$ {\text{KNO}}_{3} $	100.0	334	[33]
	Hydrated salt	Na₂SO₄·10H₂O	251.0	32.4	[34]
		Na₂HPO₄·12H₂O	177.8	34.72	[35]
		CaCl₂·6H₂O	200.0	29.5	[36]
	Metal and alloy	Li	433.78	186	[37]
		Ti	232.0	60.5	[37]
		Al-Mg-Zn (60/34/6wt%)	329.1	450.31	[38]

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表 2 半导体光热材料^[109-111]

Table 2. Semiconductor photothermal materials^[109-111]

Classification	Representative category	Material
Semiconductor materials with defect structures	Copper chalcogenide	CuS, Cu₇S₄, Cu₉S₅
Semiconductor materials with defect structures	Transition metal oxide	MoO₃, WO₃, CuO, Cu₂O
Semiconductor materials with intrinsic absorption band gap	Transition metal compounds	CdS, CdSe, MoS₂, MoSe, WS₂
	Carbide	SiC, ZrC
	Others	ZnO, TiO₂, NiO, Ti₄O₇

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