Interlaminar fracture toughness of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber reinforced composite laminates
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摘要: 作为装甲解决方案的一组重要材料，超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)纤维增强复合材料在冲击作用下主要的破坏模式之一是分层脱粘。针对UHMWPE复合材料层合板提出一种改进的双悬臂梁(DCB)试件，研究了其I型层间断裂韧性(GIC)和失效特性，分析了DCB试件厚度及纤维铺层方向对GIC的影响，讨论了层间断裂破坏机制及结构塑性对裂纹扩展过程的影响，评估了现有试验标准中层间断裂韧性计算方法的适用性。结果表明：较小厚度的DCB试件呈现明显的塑性行为，由此测得的层间断裂韧性受结构塑性的影响显著，适当增加试件厚度可有效避免塑性的影响。本文结果为UHMWPE复合材料进一步的动态层间性能及其理论模型的研究提供实验参考和数据支撑，对复合材料防护结构设计具有重要的工程意义。Abstract: Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fiber reinforced composites are considered as state-of-the-art materials for armor solutions, and interlaminar delamination is one of the main failure mechanisms for the composites under impact loadings. For UHMWPE composite laminates, an improved double cantilever beam (DCB) specimen was proposed. The interlaminar fracture toughness (GIC) and failure characteristics were then studied. Analysis were conducted regarding the influence of the specimen thickness and fiber layups on the GIC. The failure mechanism of interlaminar fracture and the effect of structural plasticity on the crack propagation process were further discussed. Evaluation was also implemented on the applicability of the existing test standards for the calculation of the interlaminar fracture toughness. Results show that the DCB specimen with small thickness exhibits obvious plastic behavior, and the measured interlaminar fracture toughness is significantly affected by structural plasticity. Increasing the thickness of the specimen can effectively avoid the influence of plasticity. Conclusively, the results presented in this paper provide experimental reference and data support for the study of dynamic interlaminar properties and theoretical models of UHMWPE composites, that have important engineering significance for the design of composite protective structures.
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图 1 弯曲载荷作用下板的互反弯曲变形[22]
Figure 1. Anticlastic bending deformation of plates under bending load[22]
L, W and t—Length, width and thickness of the rectangular plate, respectively; mx—Bending moment per unit width applied to the plate edges; Rx0 and Ry0—Radii of curvature of the corresponding deformation
图 2 双悬臂梁(DCB)试件的中间分层界面纤维铺层：(a) 0°/0°；(b) 0°/90°；(c) 90°/90°
Figure 2. Intermediate delamination interface fiber layup directions of double cantilever beam (DCB) specimen: (a) 0°/0°; (b) 0°/90°; (c) 90°/90°
图 3 超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)复合材料层压板的成型温度及压力设置
Figure 3. Forming temperature and pressure setting of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) composite laminates
图 4 (a) 带层间预制裂纹的DCB试件；(b) 粘贴刻度和加载合页的DCB试件
P—Applied load
Figure 4. (a) DCB specimen with interlaminar pre-crack; (b) DCB specimen with pasted scale and loaded hinge
图 5 厚度为5.2 mm (H5) (a)、10.3 mm (H10) (b)和20.6 mm (H20) (c)的DCB试件
Figure 5. DCB specimens with thickness of 5.2 mm (H5) (a), 10.3 mm (H10) (b) and 20.6 mm (H20) (c)
图 6 UHMWPE复合材料I型层间断裂韧性试验
Figure 6. Mode I interlaminar fracture toughness test of UHMWPE composites
图 7 ASTM D5528-13标准[15]中3种I型层间断裂韧性(GIC)计算方法的拟合参数：(a) 修正梁理论(MBT)；(b) 柔度校正(CC)；(c) 修正柔度校正(MCC)
Figure 7. Fitting parameters of three mode I interlaminar fracture toughness (GIC) calculation methods in ASTM D5528-13[15]: (a) Modified beam theory (MBT); (b) Compliance correction (CC); (c) Modified compliance correction (MCC)
C = δ/P—Compliance of DCB specimen, where δ is the load point deflection and P is the applied load; a—Delamination of DCB specimen; Δ—Effective delamination extension to correct for rotation of DCB arms at delamination front for the MBT method; n = Δx/Δy—Curve fitting parameters required for the CC method, where Δx is the incremental change in lga and Δy is the incremental change in lgC; h—Thickness of DCB specimen; A1—Slope of plot of a/h versus C1/3
图 8 不同厚度DCB试件的载荷-张开位移曲线
Figure 8. Load-opening displacement curves of DCB specimens with different thicknesses
图 9 中间界面为0°/0° (a)、0°/90° (b)和90°/90° (c)纤维铺层方向的H20试件裂纹扩展模式比较
Figure 9. Comparison of crack growth modes of H20 specimens with intermediate interface fiber layup directions of 0°/0° (a), 0°/90° (b) and 90°/90° (c)
图 10 试验过程中DCB试件的变形对比：(a) H5；(b) H10；(c) H20
Figure 10. Deformation comparison of DCB specimens during the test: (a) H5; (b) H10; (c) H20
图 12 UHMWPE复合材料层合板层间界面破坏后的SEM图像
Figure 12. SEM images of the damaged interlaminar interface of UHMWPE composite laminates
图 13 不同类型DCB试件的R曲线：不同计算方法的对比
MBT—Modified beam theory; CC—Compliance calibration method; MCC—Modified compliance calibration method
Figure 13. R curves of DCB specimens with different types: Comparison of different calculation methods
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