Flexible tactile sensor based on cellulose acetate/MXene composite fiber thin film
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摘要: 柔性触觉传感器在电子皮肤、智能机器人、可穿戴电子设备和医疗健康等方面具有广阔的应用潜力。针对压阻型柔性触觉传感器灵敏度低和响应/恢复性能差等问题，提出一种近场电流体动力学直写方法制备基于醋酸纤维素(CA)/MXene多层纳米片复合纤维薄膜的柔性触觉传感器，以具有多孔结构的CA纤维作为桥联剂，将MXene纳米片组装成连续的具有孔隙结构的三维(3D)导电网络。与传统的柔性触觉传感器制备方法相比，该方法通过高压静电场作用有效提高CA/MXene复合纤维薄膜的电学性能，从而提高了柔性触觉传感器的传感性能。测试结果表明：柔性触觉传感器触觉压力感知范围为9 Pa~10.2 kPa，在9 Pa~5.6 kPa压力范围内，该传感器的灵敏度为17.36 kPa−1，并且具有快速的响应/恢复性能(60.31/74.35 ms)。实验结果表明该柔性触觉传感器能够识别手指的运动状态、呼吸状态和脉搏等信号，在人体运动检测和生理信号监测等方面具有广阔的应用前景。
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关键词:
- 柔性触觉传感器 /
- 醋酸纤维素 /
- MXene /
- 三维多孔导电网络 /
- 近场电流体动力学直写
Abstract: Flexible tactile sensors have broad application potential in electronic skin, intelligent robots, wearable electronic devices, and medical health. To solve the problems of low sensitivity and poor response/recovery performance of piezoresistive flexible tactile sensor, a near-field electrohydrodynamic direct-writing method was proposed to fabricate flexible tactile sensor based on cellulose acetate (CA)/MXene multilayer nano sheet composite fiber thin film, in which MXene nano sheets were assembled into a continuous three-dimensional (3D) conductive network with porous structure using cellulose acetate fiber with porous structure as a bridge agent. Compared with the traditional fabrication method of flexible tactile sensor, this method effectively improved the electrical performance of CA/MXene composite fiber thin film through the action of high-voltage electrostatic field, which improved the sensing performance of flexible tactile sensor. The test results show that the flexible tactile pressure sensing range of the flexible tactile sensor is 9 Pa-10.2 kPa. Within the pressure range of 9 Pa-5.6 kPa, the sensitivity of the sensor is 17.36 kPa−1, and it has fast response/recovery performance (60.31/74.35 ms). The experimental results show that the fabricated flexible tactile sensor can recognize the changes of finger motion state, respiration state, and pulse signal, which has broad application prospects in human motion detection and physiological signal monitoring. -
图 1 醋酸纤维素(CA)/MXene混合溶液制备过程示意图
DMF—N, N-dimethylformamide
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of cellulose acetate (CA)/MXene mixed solution preparation process
图 2 近场电流体动力学直写原理图
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of near-field electrohydrodynamic direct writing
图 3 近场电流体动力学喷印设备实物图
Figure 3. Digital picture of near-field electrohydrodynamic direct writing equipment
图 4 CA/MXene复合纤维薄膜制备示意图
Figure 4. Schematic diagram for preparation of CA/MXene composite fiber thin film
图 5 柔性触觉传感器的结构图
PDMS—Polydimethylsiloxane
Figure 5. Structure diagram of flexible tactile sensor
图 6 柔性触觉传感器的工作原理示意图
Figure 6. Schematic diagram of working principle for flexible tactile sensor
图 7 ((a)~(c)) CA纤维薄膜截面SEM图像；((d)~(f)) CA/MXene复合纤维薄膜截面图像
Figure 7. ((a)-(c)) Cross sectional SEM images of CA fiber thin film; ((d)-(f)) Cross sectional SEM images of CA/MXene composite fiber thin film
图 8 (a) CA和CA/MXene复合纤维薄膜的FTIR图谱；(b) CA、MXene和CA/MXene复合纤维薄膜的XRD图谱
Figure 8. (a) FTIR spectra of CA thin film and CA/MXene composite fiber thin film; (b) XRD patterns of CA fiber thin film, MXene thin film and CA/MXene composite fiber thin film
图 9 (a) Ti3C2 MXene的原子力显微镜图像；(b) Ti3C2 MXene的原子力显微镜三维形貌；(c) 沿着图9(a)中水平实线测量的AFM高度分布图
Figure 9. (a) AFM image of Ti3C2 MXene; (b) AFM 3D image of Ti3C2 MXene; (c) AFM height profile measured along the horizontal solid line in Fig. 9(a)
图 10 不同方法制备的柔性触觉传感器性能对比
ΔR=R–Rp; R—Initial resistance of the sensor without external pressure; Rp—Resistance of the sensor under external pressure; NFED—Near-field electrohydrodynamic direct-writing
Figure 10. Performance comparison of flexible tactile sensors prepared by different methods
图 11 (a) 不同质量比的CA/MXene复合纤维薄膜的传感性能；(b) 灵敏度和感知范围；(c) 响应/恢复时间；(d) 耐用性测试
S1—Sensitivity within the pressure range from 9 Pa to 5.6 kPa; S2—Sensitivity within the pressure range from 5.6 kPa to10.2 kPa
Figure 11. (a) Sensing properties of CA/MXene composite fiber thin films with different mass ratios; (b) Sensitivity and sensing range; (c) Response/recovery time; (d) Durability test
图 12 柔性触觉传感器用于书写信号测试：(a) 铅笔手写示意图；(b) 手写字母“C”；(c) 手写单词“OK”；(d) 手写单词“time”
Figure 12. Flexible tactile sensor for writing signal test: (a) Schematic diagram of handwriting with pencil; (b) Handwritten letter “C”; (c) Handwritten word “OK”; (d) Handwritten word “time”
图 13 人体运动健康检测电信号：(a) 运动部位检测示意图；(b) 手指捏压纸张；(c) 手指点击鼠标；(d) 佩戴口罩呼吸；(e) 手腕脉搏；(f) 脉搏信号局部放大
P—Percussion wave; T—Tidal wave; D—Diastolic wave
Figure 13. Electric signal of human motion health detection: (a) Schematic diagram of motion part detection; (b) Press the paper with your fingers; (c) Click the mouse with your finger; (d) Breath detection wearing mask; (e) Pulse of wrist; (f) Partial enlargement of pulse signal
表 1 基于MXene柔性传感器性能比较
Table 1. Performance comparison of flexible MXene-based sensors
Material Type S/kPa−1 Re/Rc/ms Ps/kPa Reference CA/MXene Piezoresistive 17.370 60.31/74.35 0.009-10.2 This work MXene/CS Piezoresistive 14.100 143/139 0.003-5.0 [38] MXene/PpyNW/VSNP/PAM Capacitive 6.740 90/240 0-12.0 [39] MXene/Sponge Piezoresistive 1.520 226/323 0-100.0 [40] MXene/TPU/PAN/F127 Piezoresistive 0.208 60/120 0-160.0 [41] MXene/Nonwoven fabric Piezoresistive 6.310 300/260 Up to 150.0 [42] Notes: S—Sensitivity of the sensor; Re—Response performance of the sensor; Rc—Recovery performance of the sensor; Ps—Pressure range of the sensor; CA—Cellulose acetate; CS—Chitosan; PpyNW—Polypyrrole nanowires; VSNP—Vinyl-hybrid-silica nanoparticle; PAM—Polyacrylamide; TPU—Thermoplastic polyurethanes; PAN—Polyacrylonitrile; F127—PEO-PPO-PEO triblock copolymer; PEO—Poly(ethylene oxide); PPO—poly(propylene oxide). 
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