20vol%体积分数纳米Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>颗粒增强铝基复合材料的高温压缩性能

李玄; 赵科; 刘金铃

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20220401.001

20vol%体积分数纳米Al₂O₃颗粒增强铝基复合材料的高温压缩性能

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20220401.001

李玄^{1, 2},
赵科^{1, 2, ,},
刘金铃^{1, 2}

1.
西南交通大学　力学与航空航天学院，成都 611756
2.
西南交通大学　应用力学与结构安全四川省重点实验室，成都 611756

基金项目: 四川省重点研发项目(2020YFG0140)

详细信息

通讯作者:
赵科，博士，助理研究员，研究方向为轻质金属基复合材料的制备与力学性能　E-mail: zhaooke@163.com

中图分类号: TB331
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-02-11
- 修回日期: 2022-03-20
- 录用日期: 2022-03-23
- 网络出版日期: 2022-04-02
- 刊出日期: 2023-02-15

High-temperature compressive properties of 20vol% volume fraction nano-Al₂O₃ particles reinforced aluminum matrix composite

LI Xuan^{1, 2},
ZHAO Ke^{1, 2
, ,},
LIU Jinling^{1, 2}

1.
School of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
2.
Applied Mechanics and Structure Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China

Funds: Key Research and Development Project in Sichuan Province (2020YFG0140)

摘要

摘要: 为提高铝基材料的高温力学性能以满足其在573 K以上用于航空航天装备结构件的性能需求，采用高能球磨结合真空热压烧结工艺制备了体积分数高达20vol%的纳米Al₂O₃颗粒(146 nm)增强铝基复合材料，对其微观结构和高温压缩性能进行了研究。结果表明：纳米Al₂O₃颗粒均匀分散于超细晶铝基体中，且复合材料完全致密；该复合材料具有优异的高温压缩性能：应变速率为0.001/s时，473 K时压缩强度高达380 MPa，即使673 K时依然高达250 MPa，比其他传统铝基材料提高至少1倍；通过对其流变应力进行基于热激活的本构模型拟合可以发现，该复合材料具有高的应力指数(30)和表观激活能(204.02 kJ/mol)。这是由于高体积分数纳米颗粒能够有效钉扎晶界，并与铝基体形成热稳定的界面结合，显著提高复合材料的组织热稳定性，而且在变形过程中与晶界有效阻碍位错运动，显著提高复合材料的热变形门槛应力(在473~673 K时为190.6~328.4 MPa)，其热变形过程可以由亚结构不变模型进行解释。
- 铝基复合材料 /
- 纳米Al₂O₃颗粒 /
- 高温压缩强度 /
- 门槛应力 /
- 亚结构不变
Abstract: To improve the high-temperature mechanical properties of aluminum-based materials with the aim of satisfying application requirements for the structural components in aerospace above 573 K, a novel aluminum matrix composite reinforced with 20vol% volume fraction nano-Al₂O₃ particles (146 nm) was prepared via high energy ball milling followed by vacuum hot pressing, and its microstructures and high-temperature compressive properties were investigated. The results show that, nano-Al₂O₃ particles are uniformly distributed in the ultrafine-grained Al matrix, and the resultant composite is fully densified. The composite exhibits superior high-temperature compressive properties: As the strain rate is fixed as 0.001/s, the high-temperature compressive strength reaches 380 MPa at temperature of 473 K, still maintains a high value of 250 MPa when the temperature increased to 673 K, which is at least onefold higher than that of traditional Al-based materials. By establishing constitutive model based on thermal activation, it is also found that the composite shows high stress exponent which is 30 and high apparent activation energy which is 204.02 kJ/mol. This may be attributed to the addition of high volume fraction nanoparticles into Al matrix which not only anchors Al grain boundaries and enables thermal stable interface between nanoparticles and the Al matrix and thus significantly enhance the thermal stability of the microstructure, but also can impede the dislocation motion effectively as well as Al grain boundary, thereby increasing the threshold stress for hot deformation which ranges from 190.6 MPa to 328.4 MPa as the temperature is in the range of 473 K to 673 K. The hot deformation process of this composite can be properly explained by substructure invariant model.
- aluminum matrix composites /
- nano-Al₂O₃ particles /
- high temperature compressive strength /
- threshold stress /
- substructure invariant

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图 1 20vol%纳米Al₂O₃/Al复合材料的烧结工艺

Figure 1. Sintering process of 20vol% nano-Al₂O₃/Al composite

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图 2 20vol%纳米Al₂O₃/Al复合材料的XRD图谱

Figure 2. XRD pattern of 20vol% nano-Al₂O₃/Al composite

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图 3 20vol%纳米Al₂O₃/Al复合材料不同倍数的SEM图像((a)、(b))和Al₂O₃颗粒粒径统计(c)

Figure 3. SEM images ((a), (b)) of 20vol% nano-Al₂O₃/Al composites and Al₂O₃ particle size statistics (c)

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图 4 20vol%纳米Al₂O₃/Al复合材料不同倍数的TEM图像和Al基体晶粒尺寸统计：(a)低倍TEM图像；(b) 铝基体晶粒尺寸统计；(c) 高倍TEM图像；(d) Al₂O₃颗粒/铝基体界面HRTEM图像

Figure 4. TEM images and Al grain size statistics of 20vol% nano-Al₂O₃/Al composites: (a) Low magnification TEM image; (b) Grain size statistics of the Al matrix; (c) High magnification TEM image; (d) High resolution TEM (HRTEM) image of Al₂O₃ particle/Al interface

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图 5 20vol%纳米Al₂O₃/Al复合材料不同温度和应变速率下高温压缩性能：(a)应变速率为0.1/s；(b)应变速率为0.01/s；(c)应变速率为0.001/s；(d)峰值应力对比

Figure 5. High temperature compressive properties of 20vol% nano-Al₂O₃/Al composites under different temperatures and strain rates conditions: (a) Strain rate of 0.1/s; (b) Strain rate of 0.01/s; (c) Strain rate of 0.001/s; (d) Comparison of peak stress

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图 6 20vol%纳米Al₂O₃/Al复合材料与传统铝基材料高温压缩性能对比

NG—Nano grained; NT—Nanotwinned

Figure 6. Comparison of high temperature compressive properties between 20vol% nano-Al₂O₃/Al composites and traditional aluminum-based materials

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图 7 20vol%纳米Al₂O₃/Al复合材料流变应力方程拟合关系图

Figure 7. Fitting diagram of flow stress equations of 20vol% nano-Al₂O₃/Al composite

$ \dot{\varepsilon } $—Strain rate; α—Material constant; σ—Stress; T—Temperature

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图 8 20vol%纳米Al₂O₃/Al复合材料lnZ-ln[sinh(ασ)]拟合图

Figure 8. Fitted curve between lnZ and ln[sinh(ασ)] of 20vol% nano-Al₂O₃/Al composite

Z—Zener-Holloomon parameter

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图 9 20vol%纳米Al₂O₃/Al复合材料Lagneborg-Bergman图：(a) $ n{{'}} $=3；(b) $ n{{'}} $=5；(c) $ n{{'}} $=8

Figure 9. Lagneborg-Bergman diagram of 20vol% nano-Al₂O₃/Al composites: (a) $ n{{'}} $=3; (b) $ n{{'}} $=5; (c) $ n{{'}} $=8

$ n{{'}} $—True stress exponent; G—Shear modulus

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图 10 20vol%纳米Al₂O₃/Al复合材料在673 K、0.001/s变形后的TEM图像(a)和铝基体晶粒尺寸统计图(b)

Figure 10. TEM images (a) and Al grain size statistics (b) of 20vol% nano-Al₂O₃/Al composites after deformation at 673 K and strain rate of 0.001/s

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图 11 20vol%纳米Al₂O₃/Al复合材料在673 K、0.001/s变形后的TEM图像和电子衍射分析结果：(a) TEM图像；(b)对应于图11(a)圆形区域的电子衍射图谱；((c)、(e)、(g))分别为对应于图11(a)圆形区域的Al₂O₃颗粒/铝基体界面、铝晶界和铝晶粒内部的高分辨TEM图像；((d)、(f)、(h))分别对应于图11(c)、图11(e)和图11(g)正方形区域的反傅里叶变换图

Figure 11. TEM images and analysis results based on electron diffraction of 20vol% nano-Al₂O₃/Al composites after deformation at 673 K and strain rate of 0.001/s: (a) TEM image; (b) Electron diffraction pattern corresponding to circular area in Fig.11(a); ((c), (e), (g)) HRTEM images of Al₂O₃/Al interface, Al grain boundary and Al grain interior, respectively, corresponding to square areas in Fig.11(a); ((d), (f), (h)) Inverse fourier transform images corresponding to square area in Fig.11(c), Fig.11(e) and Fig.11(g), respectively

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