Effect of interface modification on mechanical properties of polypropylene-glass fiber composites
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摘要: 聚合物的填充改性及共混改性是通用塑料高性能化的重要方法。界面相容性是聚合物改性通常遇到的问题，如何提高复合材料界面相容性以及探索界面相容性和泊松比相关性仍然是聚合物改性重要的话题。采用固相法制备三元单体接枝聚丙烯(GPP)，与玻璃纤维和聚丙烯共混制备聚丙烯-玻璃纤维(PP-GF)复合材料。采用视频引伸计、差示扫描量热法、扫描电镜、红外光谱、动态流变测试、万能拉力试验等分析测试方法表征复合材料的结构与性能。结果表明，GPP的加入提高PP-GF复合材料界面强度。随着GPP增加，储能模量(G')和损耗模量(G'')都在增加，G'增加的幅度大于G''，因此复合材料体系表现出弹性行为要明显大于粘性行为。添加7wt%GPP的PP-GF复合材料力学性能最佳，通过Cole-Cole曲线得到了验证。红外光谱和扫描电镜结果表明，GPP和玻璃纤维形成了界面层，改善了树脂与玻璃纤维界面相容性，提高了玻璃纤维在聚丙烯中应力传递。GPP作为PP-GF复合材料提高界面相容性改性剂，PP-GF复合材料拉伸时形成了更大的横向应变，且泊松比变小，提高了复合材料的力学性能。Abstract: The filling modification and blending modification of polymers were important methods for the high performance of general plastics. Interfacial compatibility was a common problem in polymer modification. How to improve the interfacial compatibility of composites and explore the correlation between interfacial compatibility and Poisson's ratio are still important topics in polymer modification. Ternary monomer graft polypropylene (GPP) was prepared by solid phase method and blended with glass fiber and polypropylene to prepare polypropylene/glass fiber composites. The structure and properties of the composites were characterized by video extensometer, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, dynamic rheological test and universal tensile test. The results show that the addition of GPP compatibilizer improve the interfacial strength of polypropylene-glass fiber composites. With the increase of GPP compatibilizer, the storage modulus (G') and loss modulus (G'') are both increasing, and the increase of G' is greater than that of G''. Therefore, the elastic behavior of the composite system is significantly greater than that of the viscous behavior. The mechanical properties of polypropylene-glass fiber composite with 7wt% GPP are the best, which was verified by Cole-Cole curve. The results of infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy show that the GPP compatibilizer form an interfacial layer with the glass fiber, which improve the interfacial compatibility between the resin and the glass fiber and enhance the stress transfer of the glass fiber in the polypropylene matrix. GPP was used as a modifier to improve the interfacial compatibility of PP-GF composites. As a modifier to improve the interfacial compatibility of PP-GF composites, larger transverse strain and smaller Poisson's ratio are formed during the tensile process, which improve the mechanical properties of the composites.
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Key words:
- glass fiber /
- polypropylene /
- compatibilizer /
- poisson's ratio /
- interfacial modification /
- lateral strain /
- polymer modification
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图 1 三元单体接枝聚丙烯(GPP)制备过程
Figure 1. Preparation process of ternary monomer graft polypropylene (GPP)
图 3 聚丙烯-玻璃纤维复合材料制备过程
Figure 3. Preparation process of polypropylene glass fiber composites
图 4 聚丙烯-玻璃纤维复合材料测试试样光学照片
Figure 4. Optical photos of polypropylene-glass fiber composite test sample
图 5 GPP质量分数对PP-GF复合材料无缺口冲击性能影响
Figure 5. Effect of mass fraction of GPP on unnotched impact properties of PP-GF composites
图 6 GPP质量分数对PP-GF复合材料拉伸强度和断裂伸长率影响
Figure 6. Effect of mass fraction of GPP on tensile strength and elongation at break of PP-GF composites
图 7 GPP质量分数对PP-GF复合材料弯曲强度和弯曲模量影响
Figure 7. Effect of mass fraction of GPP on flexural strength and flexural modulus of PP-GF composites
图 8 GPP质量分数对PP-GF复合材料界面强度参数B影响
Figure 8. Effect of mass fraction of GPP on interfacial strength parameter B of PP-GF composites
图 9 不同GPP质量分数的PP-GF复合材料的DSC放热峰
Figure 9. DSC exothermic peaks of PP-GF composites with different GPP mass fractions
图 10 不同GPP质量分数的PP-GF复合材料的DSC吸热峰
Figure 10. DSC endothermic peaks of PP-GF composites with different GPP mass fractions
图 11 不同GPP质量分数PP-GF复合材料的复数粘度
Figure 11. Complex viscosity of PP-GF composites with different GPP mass fractions
图 12 不同GPP质量分数PP-GF复合材料的储能模量
Figure 12. Storage modulus of PP-GF composites with different GPP mass fractions
图 13 不同GPP质量分数PP-GF复合材料的损耗模量
Figure 13. Loss modulus of PP-GF composites with different GPP mass fractions
图 14 180℃下不同GPP质量分数的PP-GF复合材料的Cole-Cole图
Figure 14. Cole-Cole diagram of PP-GF composites with different GPP mass fractions at 180℃
图 15 添加0wt%GPP和11wt%GPP的PP-GF复合材料的FTIR图谱
Figure 15. FTIR spectra of PP-GF composites with 0wt%GPP and 11wt%GPP
图 16 添加0wt%GPP、5wt%GPP和11wt%GPP的PP-GF复合材料的断面形貌
Figure 16. Section morphology of PP-GF composites with 0wt%GPP, 5wt%GPP and 11wt%GPP
图 17 添加0wt%GPP、5wt%GPP和11wt%GPP的PP-GF复合材料样品横向应变曲线
Figure 17. Lateral strain diagram of PP-GF composites with 0wt%GPP, 5wt%GPP and 11wt%GPP
图 18 添加0wt%GPP、5wt%GPP和11wt%GPP的PP-GF复合材料泊松比测试结果
Figure 18. Poisson's ratio test results for PP-GF composites with 0wt%GPP, 5wt%GPP and 11wt%GPP
表 1 主要实验材料
Table 1. Experimental materials
Raw materials Grade Production company Polypropylene (PP) 013 Maoming Petro-Chemical Shihua Co., Ltd. Maleic anhydride (MAH) AR Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd. Methyl methacrylate (MMA) AR Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd. Butyl acrylate (BA) AR Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd. Xylene AR Tianjin Damao Chemical Reagent Factory Short glass fibre (SGF) ECS 10-3 Taiwan Fiberglass Co., Ltd. Dicumyl peroxide (DCP) AR Tianjin Damao Chemical Reagent Factory 
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表 2 PP-GF复合材料的配比
Table 2. Formulation of PP-GF composites
PP/wt% Glass fiber/wt% GPP/wt% 100 0 0 70 30 0 69 30 1 67 30 3 65 30 5 63 30 7 61 30 9 59 30 11
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