吸波超材料研究进展

吕通; 张辰威; 刘甲; 马向雨; 宫元勋; 赵宏杰

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20200921.004

吸波超材料研究进展

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20200921.004

航天特种材料及工艺技术研究所，北京 100074

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(51803203)

详细信息

通讯作者:
吕通，博士，工程师，研究方向为吸波复合材料　E-mail：lvtong.12@163.com

中图分类号: TB34
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-08-20
- 录用日期: 2020-09-13
- 网络出版日期: 2020-09-21
- 刊出日期: 2021-01-15

Research progress in metamaterial absorber

Aerospace Institute of Advanced Material & Processing Technology, Beijing 100074, China

摘要

摘要: 吸波超材料由于其独特的电磁特性，在过去十几年内成为吸波功能材料领域的研究热点。本文通过对近些年吸波超材料报道的归纳总结，对吸波超材料的研究进展进行介绍。经过多年来的发展，吸波超材料从最初的单一功能窄频段吸波特性逐渐向宽频带、宽角度入射、可智能调节等多功能方向发展，而在吸波频段的研究也由微波频段扩展至太赫兹、近红外、可见光等频段。对不同类型的吸波超材料分别进行介绍，对于不同特点吸波超材料的制备、设计方法和工作原理进行总结，最后对吸波超材料的发展方向进行了展望。
- 超材料 /
- 吸波 /
- 智能可调节 /
- 介质超材料 /
- 电磁特性
Abstract: Due to the exotic electromagnetic properties, metamaterial absorber has spawned extensive research into wave absorption materials over the past decade. This paper provides an introduction on metamaterial absorber by summarizing the reports in recent years. The metamaterial absorber has progressed significantly with special function from narrow bandwidth to broad bandwidth, wide angle tolerance, polarization independence and smart/tunable absorbance. Meanwhile the working frequency across the electromagnetic spectrum is broadened from microwave to terahertz, near-infrared and optical. This paper introduces different types of metamaterial absorber and summarizes the fabrication, design method and working principle of metamaterial absorber. Finally, the promising research field of metamaterial absorber is predicted.
- metamaterial /
- wave absorption /
- smart tunability /
- dielectric metamaterial /
- electromagnetic property

HTML全文

图 1 三明治结构吸波超材料^[18]: (a)顶层超材料层; (b)底层金属线;(c)结构单元透视图

Figure 1. Metamaterial absorber with sandwich structure^[18]: (a) Top metamaterial layer; (b) Cut wire; (c) A perspective view of unit cell

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图 2 双频太赫兹吸波超材料^[22]: (a)吸波超材料结构单元; (b)吸波超材料模拟透过率(光滑线)和测试反射率(虚线)

Figure 2. Dual-band terahertz metamaterial absorber^[22]: (a) Unit cell of metamaterial absorber; (b) Simulated transmission curve of absorber (smooth line) and measured reflection curve of absorber (dotted line)

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图 3 极化不敏感吸波超材料^[29]: (a)极化不敏感结构单元; (b)电场沿x轴方向入射吸波性能；(c)在xy平面内旋转45°极化方向入射吸波性能(在图(b)和图(c)中，实线为模拟值，圆点标记为透过率，方块标记为反射率，三角标记为吸收率)

Figure 3. Metamaterial absorber with polarization insensitivity^[29]: (a) Unit cell of metamaterial absorber with polarization insensitivity; (b) Wave absorption performance for polarization of electric component along x axis; (c) Wave absorption performance for polarization rotated 45° in xy plane (In fig. (b) and fig. (c), the solid lines is simulated line, the transmission is marked by circle, the reflection is marked by square and absorption is marked by triangle)

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图 4 具有宽角度入射吸收特性吸波超材料^[32]: (a)不同入射角度下吸波超材料吸收率; (b)3D回转体结构单元

Figure 4. Metamaterial absorber with incident angle insensitivity^[32]: (a) Wave absorptions of different incident angle; (b) Unit cell of 3D rotational symmetrical structure

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图 5 动态频选表面吸波超材料^[39]: (a) 500 mm×500 mm实物图;(b)可调谐反射率测试结果

Figure 5. Active frequency selective surface absorber^[39]: (a) Photo of 500 mm×500 mm sample; (b) Measured reflectivity of broadband tunable active frequency selective surface absorber

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图 6 机械力加载可调谐吸波超材料: (a)超材料结构拉伸示意图;(b)吸收率变化实验结果^[47]

Figure 6. Mechanically stretchable tunable metamaterial absorber^[47]: (a) Schematic of stretchable metamaterial absorber; (b) Experimental absorption of metamaterial absorber in different strain

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图 7 超材料结构单元动态调控研究

Figure 7. Study on dynamic tunable metamaterial structures

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图 8 仿生减反射吸波超材料^[56]: (a)硅阵列扫描电镜图; (b)平面硅板和表面带有微结构硅板的垂直入射反射率

Figure 8. Bioinspired antireflection metamaterial absorber^[56]: (a) SEM image of silicon pillar arrays; (b) Reflection at normal incidence from a flat silicon wafer and silicon pillar array

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