低模量聚酯纤维/水泥基复合材料抗冲击性能及损伤机制

高峰; 郝贠洪; 吴安利; 刘艳晨; 李永贵

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20210118.001

低模量聚酯纤维/水泥基复合材料抗冲击性能及损伤机制

高峰^{1, 3, 4,},
郝贠洪^{1, 3, 4, ,},
吴安利^{1, 3, 4,},
刘艳晨^{3, 4, 5},
李永贵²

1.
内蒙古工业大学　土木工程学院，呼和浩特 010051
2.
闽江学院　福建省新型功能性纺织纤维及材料重点实验室，福州 350108
3.
内蒙古自治区土木工程结构与力学重点实验室，呼和浩特 010051
4.
内蒙古自治区建筑检测鉴定与安全评估工程技术研究中心，呼和浩特 010051
5.
内蒙古工业大学　理学院，呼和浩特 010051

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(11162011；51468049；11862022)；福建省新型功能性纺织纤维及材料重点实验室(闽江学院)开放基金 (FKLTFM1907)；内蒙古自治区自然科学基金面上项目(2018MS05047)；内蒙古高校青年科技英才支持计划(NJYT-17-A09)；内蒙古自治区博士研究生创新项目(B20191127Z)；内蒙古自治区科技计划项目-镁基盐粉煤灰泡沫混凝土建筑结构体系关键技术及应用研究

详细信息

通讯作者:
郝贠洪，博士，教授，博士生导师，研究方向为区域特殊环境下工程结构和材料耐久性损伤灾变机理及防护关键技术E-mail：13947133205@163.com

中图分类号: TU528.33
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-11-25
- 录用日期: 2021-01-03
- 网络出版日期: 2021-01-17
- 刊出日期: 2021-10-31

Impact resistance and damage mechanism of low modulus polyester fiber/cement matrix composites

GAO Feng^{1, 3, 4,},
HAO Yunhong^{1, 3, 4, ,},
WU Anli^{1, 3, 4,},
LIU Yanchen^{3, 4, 5},
LI Yonggui²

1.
School of Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China
2.
Fujian Key Laboratory of Novel Functional Textile Fibers and Materials, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
3.
Key Laboratory of Civil Engineering Structure and Mechanics of Inner Mongolia, Hohhot 010051, China
4.
Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Building Inspection, Appraisal and Safety Assessment Engineering Technology Research Center, Hohhot, 010051, China
5.
School of Science, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China

摘要

摘要: 研究聚酯纤维长径比、掺量对混凝土抗压强度、抗折强度、劈裂抗拉强度、断裂韧性及冲击荷载等力学性能的影响；运用复合材料理论和纤维间距理论对聚酯纤维/混凝土增韧阻裂机制进行研究，结合SEM观察微观形貌分析纤维长径比与掺量对增韧阻裂机制的影响；采用正交试验设计方法及激光扫描共聚焦显微镜(LSCM)研究冲击高度、试件厚度、长径比及掺量对纤维/混凝土抗冲击性能的影响。结果表明，长径比为300与600的聚酯纤维会降低混凝土抗压强度，低掺量长径比为150的聚酯纤维通过提高混凝土致密程度使混凝土抗压强度有所提升；在抗拉强度方面长径比为150的聚酯纤维主要以缺陷形式存在，长径比为300的聚酯纤维对改善混凝土内部拉结作用最显著，3%(与胶凝材料体积比)掺量聚酯纤维对提高混凝土抗折强度最显著；对于混凝土断裂韧性，长径比为300与600的聚酯纤维/混凝土断裂韧性提高明显，通过SEM微观形貌发现纤维拉结作用产生的微裂纹会提高混凝土耗能能力，从而提高混凝土极限荷载与破坏时中心挠度，长径比为300的聚酯纤维/混凝土抗拉强度变化规律与复合材料理论和纤维间距理论分析结果较吻合；冲击高度为影响冲击荷载大小的主要因素，纤维长径比较纤维掺量影响较大，通过LSCM三维损伤形貌分析得出长径比为150的聚酯纤维对混凝土材料损伤改善效果较显著，同等掺量下长径比为150的聚酯纤维间距较小导致混凝土局部力学性能提高，从而提高混凝土抗冲击性能。
- 聚酯纤维 /
- 增韧阻裂 /
- 复合材料 /
- Vicker压头 /
- 抗冲击
Abstract: The effects of length to diameter ratio and mixing amount of polyester fiber on the mechanical properties of concrete, such as compressive strength, flexural strength, splitting tensile strength, fracture toughness and impact load, were studied. The mechanism of toughening and cracking resistance of polyester fiber concrete was studied by composite material theory and fiber spacing theory. The microscopic morphology observed by SEM was used to analyze the influence of fiber length-diameter ratio and content on the mechanism of toughening and cracking resistance. Orthogonal experimental design method and laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM) were used to study the influence of impact height, specimen thickness, aspect ratio and content on the impact resistance of fiber/concrete. The results show that the polyester fibers with ratio of length to diameter of 300 and ratio of length to diameter of 600 would reduce the compressive strength of concrete, the low content of polyester fibers with ratio of length to diameter of 150 increases the compressive strength of concrete by increasing the density of concrete. In terms of tensile strength, the polyester fibers with ratio of length to diameter of 150 mainly exist in the form of defects, the polyester fibers with ratio of length to diameter of 150 have the most significant effect on improving the concrete internal pulling, the addition of 3% (volume ratio to cementitious materials) polyester fiber is the most significant to improve the flexbility of concrete. For the fracture toughness of concrete, the fracture toughness of polyester fiber/concrete with ratio of length to diameter of 300 and 600 is significantly improved. According to the SEM microscopic morphology, it is found that the micro-cracks generated by fiber pulling action would improve the energy dissipation capacity of concrete, thus increasing the ultimate load and central deflection of concrete during failure, and the variation of tensile strength of polyester fibers with ratio of length to diameter of 300 reinforced concrete is in good agreement with the composite material theory and fiber spacing theory. Impact height is the main factor affecting the impact load, and the fiber length and diameter have greater influence than fiber content. Through LSCM analysis of three-dimensional damage morphology, it is concluded that the damage improvement effect of polyester fibers with ratio of length to diameter of 150 on concrete material is relatively significant, and at the same dosage, the small spacing of polyester fibers with ratio of length to diameter of 150 results in the improvement of local mechanical properties of concrete, thus improving the impact resistance of concrete.
- polyester fibers /
- toughening and crack resistance /
- composite materials /
- Vicker indenter /
- impact resistance

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图 1 PET纤维/混凝土轴心抗压强度与立方体抗压强度

Figure 1. Axial compressive strength and cubic compressive strength of PET fiber/cincrete

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图 2 PET纤维/混凝土抗折强度与劈裂抗拉强度

Figure 2. Flexural strength and split tensile strength of PET fiber/concrete

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图 3 PET纤维/混凝土断面细观图

Figure 3. PET fiber/concrete cross-section micrograph

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图 4 PET(150)/C30试件试验力-中心挠度变化曲线

Figure 4. Test force-center deflection curve of PET(150)/C30 specimen

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图 5 PET(600)/C30试件试验力-中心挠度变化曲线

Figure 5. Test force-center deflection curve of PET(600)/C30 specimen

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图 6 PET(300)/C30试件试验力-中心挠度变化曲线

Figure 6. Test force-center deflection curve of PET(300)/C30 specimen

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图 7 PET纤维/混凝土断裂韧性变化曲线

Figure 7. PET fiber/concrete fracture toughness change curves

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图 8 PET纤维/混凝土断裂面微观形貌SEM图像

Figure 8. SEM images of fracture surface micro morphologies of PET fiber/concrete

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图 9 PET纤维/混凝土冲击损伤三维形貌

Figure 9. Three-dimensional morphologies of PET fiber/concrete after impact damage

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表 1 聚酯(PET)纤维物理性能参数

Table 1 Physical performance parameters of polyester (PET) fiber

Diameter/mm	Density/(g·cm⁻³)	Tensile strength/MPa	Elastic modulus/MPa	Elongation at break/%
2×10⁻²	1.36	600	8000	15

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表 2 试件编号及配合比

Table 2 Specimen number and mix ratio

Specimen number	Cement/kg	Fine aggregate/kg	Coarse aggregate/kg	Water/kg	Fiber content/(kg·m⁻³)
C30	390	645	1148	218	0
1vol%PET(150)/C30	390	645	1148	218.0	1.986
2vol%PET(150)/C30	390	645	1148	219.0	3.972
3vol%PET(150)/C30	390	645	1148	220.0	5.958
4vol%PET(150)/C30	390	645	1148	221.0	7.944
1vol%PET(300)/C30	390	645	1148	222.0	1.986
2vol%PET(300)/C30	390	645	1148	219.6	3.972
3vol%PET(300)/C30	390	645	1148	221.2	5.958
4vol%PET(300)/C30	390	645	1148	222.8	7.944
1vol%PET(600)/C30	390	645	1148	224.4	1.986
2vol%PET(600)/C30	390	645	1148	220.6	3.972
3vol%PET(600)/C30	390	645	1148	223.2	5.958
4vol%PET(600)/C30	390	645	1148	225.8	7.944
Notes: Use C30 ordinary concrete as reference concrete; In nvol%PET(m)/C30, PET stands for PET fiber; nvol%—Fiber content; m—Fiber aspect ratio of 150, 300, 600, respectively.

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表 3 正交试验因素及水平情况

Table 3 Orthogonal test factors and levels

Factor level	Impact height/cm	Specimen thickness/cm	Ratio of length to diameter	Fiber content/vol%
1	40	1	150	2
2	38	3	300	3
3	36	5	600	4
4	34	-	-	-
5	32	-	-	-
6	30	-	-	-

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表 4 PET纤维/混凝土试样计算结果

Table 4 Calculation results of different PET fiber/concrete samples

Specimen number	Fiber content/ (kg·m⁻³)	Tensile strength
1vol%PET(150)/C30	1.986	$\sigma = 5.155 + 0.219{\eta _{\rm{l}}}\tau$
2vol%PET(150)/C30	3.972	$\sigma = 5.148 + 0.438{\eta _{\rm{l}}}\tau$
3vol%PET(150)/C30	5.958	$\sigma = 5.140 + 0.657{\eta _{\rm{l}}}\tau$
4vol%PET(150)/C30	7.944	$\sigma = 5.132 + 0.876{\eta _{\rm{l}}}\tau$
1vol%PET(300)/C30	1.986	$\sigma = 5.155 + 0.438{\eta _{\rm{l}}}\tau$
2vol%PET(300)/C30	3.972	$\sigma = 5.148 + 0.876{\eta _{\rm{l}}}\tau$
3vol%PET(300)/C30	5.958	$\sigma = 5.140 + 1.314{\eta _{\rm{l}}}\tau$
4vol%PET(300)/C30	7.944	$\sigma = 5.132 + 1.752{\eta _{\rm{l}}}\tau$
1vol%PET(600)/C30	1.986	$\sigma = 5.155 + 0.876{\eta _{\rm{l}}}\tau$
2vol%PET(600)/C30	3.972	$\sigma = 5.148 + 1.752{\eta _{\rm{l}}}\tau$
3vol%PET(600)/C30	5.958	$\sigma = 5.140 + 2.628{\eta _{\rm{l}}}\tau$
4vol%PET(600)/C30	7.944	$\sigma = 5.132 + 3.504{\eta _{\rm{l}}}\tau$
Notes: $\sigma$ —Tensile strength; ${\eta _{\rm{l}}}$ —Effective bond length coefficient; $\tau$ —Average bond stress.

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表 5 PET纤维/混凝土承受冲击荷载极差分析

Table 5 Analysis of extreme difference of PET fiber/concrete under impact load

Factor	Impact height H	Specimen thickness S	Ratio of length to diameter L_f/d_f	Fiber content T
K1/kN	5880.10	3199.51	4180.04	3816.96
K2/kN	4649.30	4386.32	3637.98	3911.55
K3/kN	4017.02	4027.79	3795.59	3885.11
K4/kN	3163.89	-	-	-
K5/kN	2812.53	-	-	-
K6/kN	2704.39	-	-	-
R	3175.71	1186.81	542.06	94.59
Notes: Ki—Sum of the corresponding test results when the level number on any column is i (i=1-6); R—Range.

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