Crushing energy absorption characteristics and damage mechanism of carbon fiber-glass fiber hybrid reinforced epoxy 3D braided composite thin-walled circular tube
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摘要: 基于三维编织成型及真空辅助树脂传递成型技术，制备了编织纱和轴纱不同混杂方式(编织纱/轴纱：碳纤维-碳纤维(CF-CF)、碳纤维-玻璃纤维(CF-GF)；玻璃纤维-碳纤维(GF-CF))增强环氧树脂(EP)的三类三维编织复合材料薄壁圆管，通过准静态轴向压溃及详细的破坏断面观察，研究了纤维混杂方式对薄壁圆管的能量吸收性能和破坏模式的影响。研究发现：CF-CF/EP样品的比能量吸收值分别比GF-CF/EP大36%，比CF-GF/EP大12%。编织纱为碳纤维时(CF-CF/EP及CF-GF/EP)，圆管的破坏模式均为折叠破坏模式，编织纱采用碳纤维能有效地遏制中央裂纹的轴向扩展，折叠变形的三维结构内部发生了较多细小的微观破坏。而编织纱为玻璃纤维的GF-CF/EP，破坏模式则为开花内外弯曲式，中央裂纹产生，三维结构呈现分层并向圆管内外弯曲。Abstract: Based on 3D braiding and vacuum assisted resin transfer molding, three types of epoxy (EP) matrix three-dimensional braided composite thin-walled circular tubes with different hybrid modes (braided yarn/axial yarn: carbon fiber-carbon fiber (CF-CF), carbon fiber-glass fiber (CF-GF), glass fiber-carbon fiber (GF-CF)) were prepared. Through quasi-static axial crushing and detailed observation of failure section, the influence of fiber hybrid mode of thin-walled tube on energy absorption performance and failure mode was studied. The results show that: the specific energy absorption values of CF-CF/EP samples are 36% and 12% higher than those of GF-CF/EP and CF-GF/EP, respectively. When the braided yarns are made of carbon fiber (CF-CF/EP and CF-GF/EP), the failure mode of circular tube is folding failure mode. Carbon fiber is used in braided yarn to effectively restrain the axial expansion of central crack, and more tiny micro damage occurs in the 3D structure of folding deformation. However, when the braided yarn is made of glass fiber (GF-CF/EP), and the failure mode is flowering and bending inside and outside, the central crack is produced, and the 3D structure presents delamination and bends to the inside and outside of circular tube.
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图 1 三维五向编织(2层14列)排纱示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of 3D five direction braided yarn arrangement with 2 layers and 14 rows
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图 2 真空辅助树脂传递成型装置示意图
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of vacuum assisted resin transfer molding device
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图 3 CF-CF/EP轴向压缩过程图及载荷-位移曲线
Figure 3. CF-CF/EP axial compression process diagram and load-displacement curves
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图 4 CF-GF/EP轴向压缩及载荷-位移曲线
Figure 4. CF-GF/EP axial compression process diagram and load-displacement curves
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图 5 GF-CF/EP轴向压缩过程及载荷-位移曲线
Figure 5. GF-CF/EP axial compression process diagram and load-displacement curves
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图 7 三维编织复合材料薄壁圆管试样轴向压缩后的截面观察图
Figure 7. Section view of 3D braided composite thin-walled circular tube sample after axial compression
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图 8 三维编织复合材料薄壁圆管试样的截面破坏模式
Figure 8. Failure mode diagram of 3D braided composite thin-walled circular tube sample section
表 1 原材料性能
Table 1 Properties of raw materials
Property T700 CF 398 GF JC-02A epoxy σ/MPa 4900 2450 — E/GPa 230 81.95 — ρ/(g·cm−3) 1.8 2.64 1.12 Notes：CF—Carbon fiber；GF—Glass fiber；σ—Tensile strength；E—Tensile modulus；ρ—Density. 
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表 2 三维编织复合材料薄壁圆管的参数
Table 2 Parameters of 3D braided composite thin-walled circular tube
Specimen θ/(°) T/mm Vcf/% Vgf/% CF-CF/EP 32 3.28 45.56 0 CF-GF/EP 33 3.47 27.67 18.86 GF-CF/EP 35 3.88 19.98 26.56 Notes：CF—Carbon fiber；GF—Glass fiber；EP—Epoxy resin; CF-CF/EP—Braiding yarn is CF，axial yarn is CF; CF-GF/EP—Braiding yarn is CF，axial yarn is GF；GF-CF/EP—Braiding yarn is GF，axial yarn is CF；Vcf—Fiber volume fraction of carbon fiber，Vgf—Fiber volume fraction of glass fiber；T—Thickness of wall；θ—Braiding angle.
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表 3 三维编织复合材料薄壁圆管的能量吸收性能
Table 3 Energy absorption properties of 3D braided composite thin-walled circular tube
Type specimen Pmax/N SPmax UT/J SUT Es/(kJ·kg−1) SEs CF-CF/EP 42606.31 1205.96 996.36 47.34 80.58 4.12 CF-GF/EP 46503.92 1794.68 1124.13 9.24 70.45 0.37 GF-CF/EP 43561.49 1267.68 902.15 28.42 51.64 1.81 Notes：Pmax—Maximum load；UT—Total energy absorption；Es—Specific energy absorption；SPmax and SEs ，SUT—Standard deviation of Pmax and standard deviation of Es，UT.
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