Abstract: In order to provide reference and guidance for the application of aluminum alloy-basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP) composite bonding structure in automobile industry, the aluminum alloy-BFRP bonding joints were manufactured. Considering the temperature range in the service of automobiles, the low-temperature aging environment of −10℃ and −40℃ was selected to accelerate the aging of joints for 0, 10, 20 and 30 days. The quasi-static tensile test and shear test were carried out on the bond joints after aging, and the quasi-static failure strength of aluminum alloy-BFRP composite bonding joints with different aging time was obtained. DSC and FTIR were combined to analyze the influence of low temperature aging on the chemical properties of adhesive joints, and the failure section of adhesive joints was analyzed by macroscopic analysis and SEM. The results show that the chemical properties of aluminum alloy-BFRP composite bonding joints are not significantly affected by the low-temperature aging, and the functional groups and glass conversion temperature (T_g) of BFRP composite do not change significantly in the low-temperature aging environment. The failure strength and failure mode of the joints are mainly affected by the thermal stress of adhesive and bonding substrate. As for tensile joints, with the increase of low-temperature aging time, the mechanical properties between BFRP composite fiber and resin matrix decrease, the proportion of fiber tearing in the failure section of aluminum alloy-BFRP composite joint decreases gradually, and the failure strength of tensile joints decreases gradually. After aging, the shear joint is still a cohesive failure, and the low-temperature aging of BFRP composite has little effect on the mechanical properties of aluminum alloy-BFRP composite joint. The decrease of failure strength of shear joint is mainly caused by the thermal stress which is the result of the inconsistency of thermal expansion coefficient between adhesive and bonding substrate. The second stress criterion formula was used to fit the variation rules of tensile stress and shear stress with aging time. On the basis of this failure criterion, according to the response surface principle, the three-dimensional surface of failure criterion with aging time was established to provide reference for the engineering application of bonding technology in body structure.