Structure Optimization and Photothermal Evaporation Performance Evaluation of Graphene/Melamine Sponge
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摘要: 为解决淡水资源危机，以还原氧化石墨烯(RGO)和三聚氰胺海绵(MS)作为负载材料和基底材料，制备出了蘑菇状结构石墨烯/三聚氰胺海绵复合光热水蒸发材料(MRMS)，以减少热量损失，提高蒸发速率。对影响材料结构的因素进行研究，包括总蒸发表面积与投影地面面积的比值(EAI值)、光吸收面积与吸水面积比值(PAI值)及下部输水圆柱的高度等方面。结果显示，高度为7 mm、直径为20 mm的顶部圆柱与高度为12 mm、直径为11 mm的底部输水圆柱组合的MRMS，在一个太阳光条件下蒸发速率最高可达2.41 kg·m−2·h−1，蒸发效率高达91.53%。对最优性能材料进行表征实验、连续使用性能和抗盐性能测定，证明了材料具有稳定的连续使用能力和抗盐性能，在海水淡化方面有良好的应用前景。Abstract: Reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and melamine sponge (MS) were utilized as loading and substrate materials to address the freshwater resource crisis. A mushroom-shaped graphene/melamine sponge composite photothermal water evaporation material (MRMS) was created to increase evaporation rate and decrease heat loss. It was investigated how the material's structure affected how well it performed in photothermal evaporation. The factors investigated include the ratio of total evaporation surface area to projected footprint area (expressed as EAI value), height of the bottom cylinder for water transportation, and the ratio between photothermal area and water absorption area (PAI value). The experimental results indicated that a MRMS formed by a top cylinder, 7 mm in height and 20 mm in diameter, and a bottom water conveying cylinder, 12 mm in height and 11 mm in diameter, showed the best photothermal evaporation performance. Under 1 sun illumination, the evaporation rate reached a maximum value of 2.41 kg·m−2·h−1, with an evaporation efficiency of 91.53%. Characterization experiments on the optimal performance material, along with assessments of its continuous usage performance and salt resistance, demonstrate that the material exhibits stable continuous operational capability and salt resistance, showing application prospect in the field of seawater desalination.
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Key words:
- solar energy /
- desalination /
- evaporation /
- Graphene /
- Melamine sponge /
- Structural optimization
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图 2 温度分布和输水速度数值模拟图：(a)(d) Model diagram；(b)(e) Temperature；(c)(f) velocity
Figure 2. Temperature distribution and water flow velocity results of numerical simulation: (a)(d) Model diagram; (b)(e) Temperature; (c)(f) velocity
图 3 蘑菇状结构石墨烯/三聚氰胺海绵复合光热水蒸发材料(MRMS)实物图、红外图和不同总蒸发表面积与投影地面面积的比值(EAI值)的MRMS表面温度及蒸发速率变化曲线
Figure 3. Physical image and infrared image of mushroom-shaped graphene/melamine sponge composite photothermal water evaporation material (MRMS) and the variation curves of MRMS surface temperature and evaporation rate with different ratio of total evaporation surface area to projected footprint area (EAI) values
图 4 不同底部圆柱高度的MRMS实物图、表面温度变化及蒸发速率变化曲线
Figure 4. Physical images of MRMS with different bottom cylinder heights, along with surface temperature variation and evaporation rate variation curves
图 7 (a) (c) (e) (g)为润湿的MRMS图片,(b) (d) (f) (h)无纺布置于MRMS上最终稳定后图片
Figure 7. (a) (c) (e) (g) are the images of wet MRMS, and (b) (d) (f) (h) are the final stabilization states with the non-woven fabrics on the MRMS
图 8 不同PAI值的温度变化及蒸发速率变化曲线
Figure 8. Temperature variation and evaporation rate variation curves for different PAI values
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