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多壁碳纳米管/天然橡胶复合材料压阻传感特性实验分析及理论预测

刘兴姚 郭荣鑫 杨洋 范正明 王洋

刘兴姚, 郭荣鑫, 杨洋, 等. 多壁碳纳米管/天然橡胶复合材料压阻传感特性实验分析及理论预测[J]. 复合材料学报, 2023, 40(1): 232-243. doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20220120.007
引用本文: 刘兴姚, 郭荣鑫, 杨洋, 等. 多壁碳纳米管/天然橡胶复合材料压阻传感特性实验分析及理论预测[J]. 复合材料学报, 2023, 40(1): 232-243. doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20220120.007
LIU Xingyao, GUO Rongxin, YANG Yang, et al. Experimental analysis and theoretical prediction to piezoresistance sensing characteristics of multiwalled carbon nanotubes/natural rubber composite[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica, 2023, 40(1): 232-243. doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20220120.007
Citation: LIU Xingyao, GUO Rongxin, YANG Yang, et al. Experimental analysis and theoretical prediction to piezoresistance sensing characteristics of multiwalled carbon nanotubes/natural rubber composite[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica, 2023, 40(1): 232-243. doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20220120.007

多壁碳纳米管/天然橡胶复合材料压阻传感特性实验分析及理论预测

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20220120.007
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(11962009)
详细信息
    通讯作者:

    杨洋,博士,教授,硕士生导师,研究方向为智能土木工程材料和结构健康监测技术 E-mail:yangyang0416@kust.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: TB332

Experimental analysis and theoretical prediction to piezoresistance sensing characteristics of multiwalled carbon nanotubes/natural rubber composite

Funds: National Natural Science Foundation of China (11962009)
  • 摘要: 为实现对隔震支座工作性能的有效监测,采用开炼法制备了多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)/天然橡胶(NR)复合材料,研究了该复合材料在恒应变和间歇加载下的电阻-应变响应行为。结果表明: MWCNT/NR复合材料电阻-应变响应稳定性、重复性、单调性、对称性及“肩峰”效应依赖恒应变载荷;随着间歇时间的增加电阻变化幅值趋于稳定,所建立的理论模型能有效预测该幅值变化。不同脱层形式下MWCNT/NR复合材料表现出不同的压阻行为,采用Digimat和Workbench解释了其响应机制。基于MWCNT导电网络和橡胶材料黏弹性,一个能够完整表征和预测循环电阻-应变响应的数学模型被提出和验证,模型拟合结果与实验结果高度吻合,为实现MWCNT/NR复合材料的工业应用奠定理论基础。

     

  • 图  1  压敏测试系统

    Figure  1.  Testing system of compression sensitive

    MWCNT—Multiwalled carbon nanotubes; NR—Natural rubber

    图  2  多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)/天然橡胶(NR)复合材料在不同恒应变下的电阻-应变响应(a)、最大灵敏系数(b)和机制示意图(c)

    Figure  2.  Resistance-strain response under different constant strain (a), maximum gauge factor (b) and mechanism diagram (c) of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT)/natural rubber (NR) composite

    R—Resistance values of composites under loading strain; R0—Initial resistance value

    图  3  MWCNT/NR压缩形变及导电网络变化:(a) 位移前;(b) 位移后;(c) 导电网络位移轨迹(灰色阴影表示位移前导电网络结构;红色箭头表示位移较大的MWCNT)

    Figure  3.  Compressive deformation and change of conductive network of MWCNT/NR composite: (a) Without displacement; (b) After displacement; (c) Displacement trajectory of conductive network (Gray shadow represents the structure of conductive network without displacement; Red arrow represents the MWCNT with large displacement)

    图  4  MWCNT/NR复合材料动态电阻-应变响应((a)~(c))和应力-时间曲线(d)

    Figure  4.  Dynamic resistance-strain response ((a)-(c)) and stress-time curve (d) of MWCNT/NR composites

    图  5  MWCNT/NR复合材料间歇加载示意图(a)、传感响应(b)和理论模型预测结果(c)

    Figure  5.  Schematic diagram (a), sensing response (b) and results predicted by the theoretical model (c) of MWCNT/NR composites

    RNt—Resistance value of composite at interval time t; RN0—Resistance value of the composite at the starting point of interval time

    图  6  外围橡胶层(a)和上下面橡胶层(b)作用下MWCNT/NR复合材料传感特性

    Figure  6.  Sensing property of MWCNT/NR composite circumscribed by outer rubber (a) and upper and lower rubber layers (b)

    图  7  不同脱层形式下MWCNT/NR复合材料传感行为:((a)、(a')) 恒应变0%,下脱层;(b) 恒应变10%,下脱层;(c) 恒应变20%,下脱层;(d) 恒应变20%,上下脱层;(e) 恒应变30%,上下脱层

    Figure  7.  Sensing behavior of MWCNT/NR composite at different delamination forms: ((a), (a')) Constant strain 0%, bottom delamination; (b) Constant strain 10%, bottom delamination; (c) Constant strain 20%, bottom delamination; (d) Constant strain 20%, top and bottom delamination; (e) Constant strain 30%, top and bottom delamination

    图  8  不同脱层形式下MWCNT/NR复合材料形变及导电网络变化:((a)~(c)) 下脱层;((d)~(f)) 上下脱层(灰色阴影表示位移前导电网络结构;红色箭头表示位移较大的MWCNT)

    Figure  8.  Deformation and conductivity network changes of MWCNT/NR composites under different delamination forms: ((a)-(c)) Bottom delamination; ((d)-(f)) Top and bottom delamination (Gray shadow represents the structure of conductive network without displacement; Red arrow represents the MWCNT with large displacement)

    图  9  下脱层MWCNT/NR复合材料不同位置的MWCNT间相对位移与加载历程曲线:(a) 试样外围;(b) 试样中部

    Figure  9.  Curves of relative displacement between MWCNT at different location and loading process for MWCNT/NR composite under bottom delamination: (a) Sample periphery; (b) Sample center

    图  10  MWCNT/NR复合材料的理论模型与实验拟合结果及其预测曲线(a)、模型预测误差分布(b)、模型拟合参数(c)

    Figure  10.  Fitting result of theoretical model and experiment and its prediction curves (a), prediction error distribution (b), fitting parameters (c) of model of MWCNT/NR composite

    E—Tuning parameter; εc—Yield strain; m—Parameter related to fractal structure of conductive network; $ {n}_{\epsilon }— $Exponential scale; $ \zeta —{k}_{2}{N}_{0} $, $ {k}_{2} $—Constant related to matrix properties and conductive network, $ {N}_{0} $—Number of initial conductive networks per unit volume; $ {\eta }_{1},{\eta }_{2} $and k—Constants associated with the destruction and reconstruction of the conductive network

    图  11  不同恒应变下MWCNT/NR复合材料导电通路(CP) (a)和隧穿距离(TD) (b)的变化

    Figure  11.  Change of conductive paths (CP) (a) and tunning distance (TD) (b) of MWCNT/NR composite under different constant strain

    表  1  公式(25)的拟合参数

    Table  1.   Fitting parameters of equation (25)

    Constant strainβ1β2β3β4VδVGoodness of fit
    0% 0.024 1.149 10.918 −125.490 −0.114 −0.412 0.99
    5% 0.106 −5.376 101.476 −456.155 −0.125 −1.689 0.99
    10% 0.063 −9.600 358.092 −2333.490 −0.145 −0.868 0.99
    20% 0.049 6.538 408.723 −3570.640 −0.376 −0.262 0.99
    30% −0.256 50.409 72.143 −2806.220 −0.517 0.989 0.99
    Notes: β1, β2, β3, β4—Parameters related to the number of conductive paths; V and δ—Constant.
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2021-12-08
  • 修回日期:  2022-01-09
  • 录用日期:  2022-01-12
  • 网络出版日期:  2022-01-20
  • 刊出日期:  2023-01-15

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