纳米铜线的制备及其在柔性电子领域的应用

林晓婷; 刘健; 苏舟; 王洁; 李美馨; 赵彦州

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20230227.002

纳米铜线的制备及其在柔性电子领域的应用

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20230227.002

西安理工大学　印刷包装与数字媒体学院，西安710054

基金项目: 陕西省自然科学基础研究计划(2022JM-236)

详细信息

通讯作者:
刘健，博士，副教授，硕士生导师，研究方向为印刷电子材料与印刷制造工艺　E-mail: liujian@xaut.edu.cn

中图分类号: O614.12；TB333
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-12-05
- 修回日期: 2023-01-30
- 录用日期: 2023-02-16
- 网络出版日期: 2023-02-28
- 刊出日期: 2023-08-15

Synthesis of copper nanowires and its application in flexible electronic devices

Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710054, China

Funds: Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China (2022JM-236)

摘要

摘要: 纳米铜线不仅具有银优良的导电性，由于纳米级别的尺寸效应，还具有优异的透光性和耐曲挠性，且其价格远远低于金和银等贵金属，成为制备柔性电子器件理想的电极材料。本文系统分析了制备纳米铜线的模板法、气相沉积法、静电纺丝技术和化学液相法的优缺点，介绍了基于水-疏水有机溶剂体系和酸处理等纳米铜线的纯化工艺，列举了纳米铜线的抗氧化表面包覆材料(惰性金属、碳基材料和有机聚合物包覆材料)及其包覆工艺。最后，总结了由纳米铜线及其复合材料与柔性基底(纸基、聚氨酯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯等)组装而成的柔性电子器件在柔性透明电极、能量存储/转化和柔性传感器等领域的应用现状及面临的挑战。
- 纳米铜线 /
- 制备工艺 /
- 纯化方法 /
- 抗氧化策略 /
- 柔性电子器件
Abstract: Copper nanowires not only have excellent electrical conductivity comparable to silver, but also have good light transmittance and flexural resistance due to the size effect at the nanoscale. In addition, it is far cheaper than gold and silver, hence it is an ideal electrode material for preparing flexible electronic devices. The synthesis methods of copper nanowires were systematically reviewed, such as template method, vapor deposition method, electrospinning technology, and chemical liquid phase method. Purification technologies based on water-hydrophobic organic solvent system and acid treatment for copper nanowires were introduced. Various cladding materials with core-shell structure and corresponding cladding technologies used to improve the oxidation resistance and stability of copper nanowires were listed, including inert metals, carbon-based materials, and organic polymer materials. The application status of flexible electronic devices integrating high-quality copper nanowires (or their composites) with flexible substrates (paper-based, polyurethane, and polyethylene terephthalate, etc.) in the fields of flexible transparent electrodes, energy storage/conversion, and flexible sensors were concluded. Finally, the challenges faced in practical application were prospected.
- copper nanowires /
- synthetic strategies /
- purification /
- antioxidant strategy /
- flexible electronic devices

HTML全文

图 1 采用水热法制得纳米铜线(CuNWs) (a)及微观形貌((b)~(d))^[37]；(e) 反应前的溶液照片；(f) 在80°C生长1 h后的溶液照片^[38]；((g)~(j)) Jin等^[41]制备的CuNWs微观形貌

Figure 1. Copper nanowires (CuNWs) obtained by hydrothermal method (a) and its micromorphologies ((b)-(d))^[37]; (e) Photographs of the solution before reaction for synthesizing CuNWs; (f) Photographs of the solution after reaction for 1 h at 80°C^[38]; ((g)-(j)) Morphology of CuNWs prepared by Jin et al^[41]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 核-壳结构CuNWs的EDS图像：(a) Cu@Zn；(b) Cu@Sn；(c) Cu@Pt；(d) Cu@Ni；(e) Cu@Ag；(f) Cu@Au^[72]

Figure 2. EDS mapping images of core-shell nanowires: (a) Cu@Zn; (b) Cu@Sn; (c) Cu@Pt; (d) Cu@Ni; (e) Cu@Ag; (f) Cu@Au^[72]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 ((a)~(c)) Cu@Au NWs的形貌；(d) 电生理传感器的示意图；((e), (f)) 安装在目标皮肤上的可穿戴肌电图(EMG)和心电图(ECG)传感器的实物照片；((g), (h)) CuNWs氧化前后传感器采集到的EMG、ECG信号变化^[64]

PUA—Polyurethane acrylate

Figure 3. ((a)-(c)) Microstructure of Cu@Au NWs; (d) Schematic of the electrophysiology sensor; ((e), (f)) Electromyography (EMG) and Electrocardiograph (ECG) sensor mounted on the target skin; ((g), (h)) EMG, ECG signal change collected using CuNWs-based sensor before and after the oxidation^[64]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 (a) RCC电极的制造工艺示意图；(b) RCC电极的柔性透明电容触摸板的结构；((c)~(g)) RCC电极电容式触摸传感器的性能测试：(c) “ON”和“OFF”触摸信号；(d) 连续触摸和相应的信号输出；连续触摸力在不同弯曲半径条件下产生的输出触摸信号：(e)平面；(f) 15 mm；(g) 5 mm^[94]

Figure 4. (a) Schematic of the fabrication process for the RCC electrode; (b) Structure of flexible transparent capacitive touch plate based on RCC electrode, performance tests of the RCC-electrode-based capacitive touch sensor; (c) "ON" and "OFF" touch signal; (d) A successive touch and corresponding signal output; Successive touch forces generate different output touch signals at the different bending radius conditions: (e) Flat; (f) 15 mm; (g) 5 mm^[94]

PTFE—Polytetrafiuoroethylene; RCC—Resin covered Cu nanowires; PET—Polyethylene terephthalate

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 (a) Cu RGONW表皮仿生棘突微结构压阻传感器(SMPS)的制造过程；(b) Cu RGONW表皮仿生SMPS的工作机制；表皮仿生Cu RGONW-SMPS用于实时监测人体运动和微妙生理信号的信号反馈：(c) 手腕弯曲；(d) 二头肌屈曲；(e) 颈部扭转；(f) 颈动脉搏动；(g) 咽喉吞咽；(h) 手指按压；(i) 快速敲击；(j) 手指弯曲；(k) 膝盖弯曲-释放循环；(l) 行走^[113]

PDMS—Polydimethylsiloxane; SMPS—Spinosum microstructured piezoresistive sensor; FTE—Flexible transparent electrode; RGO—Reduced graphene oxide

Figure 5. (a) Schematics of the epidermis-bioinspired Cu RGO NW-SMPS; (b) Mechanism revelation of the bioinspired SMPS with Cu RGONW; Wearable applications of the epidermis-bioinspired Cu RGONW-SMPS for real-time monitoring of human motions and subtle physiological signals feedback in the form of current change: (c) Wrist bending; (d) Bicep flexion; (e) Neck torsion; (f) Carotid artery pulse; (g) Throat swallowing; (h) Finger pressing; (i) Quick tapping; (j) Finger bending; (k) Knee bending-release cycle; (l) Walking^[113]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 化学液相法制备的纳米铜线的尺寸

Table 1. Dimension of copper nanowires fabricated by chemical liquid phase method

Number	Solvent	Cu source	Reductant	Capping agent	Diameter /nm	Length /μm	Ref.
1	H₂O	CuCl₂	L-AA	ODA	35	100	[10]
2	H₂O	CuCl₂	C₆H₁₂O₆	HDA	25-35	50-60	[46]
3	H₂O	CuCl₂	C₆H₁₂O₆	OLA/ OA	65	70	[44]
4	NaOH(aq)	Cu(NO₃)₂	N₂H₄	EDA	35	200	[47]
5	H₂O	CuCl₂	C₆H₁₂O₆	DDA	18	200	[48]
6	H₂O	Cu(OH)₂	C₆H₁₂O₆	DETA	37	17	[49]
7	H₂O	CuCl₂	ODA	ODA	30-100	Several millimeters	[42]
8	EG	Cu(NO₃)₂	—	PVP/ CTAC	60	40	[50]
9	OLA/ C₁₈H₃₆	CuCl₂, Cu(acac)₂	OLA	OLA	30-35	35-45	[51]
10	H₂O	CuCl₂	C₆H₁₂O₆/ KBr	ODA	20-40	Hundreds of micrometers	[52]
Notes: L-AA—L-ascorbic acid; ODA—Octadecylamine; HDA—Hexadecylamine; OLA—Oleylamine; OA—Oleic acid; PVP—Polyvinylpyrrolidone; CTAC—Cetyltrimethylammonium chloride; EG—Ethylene glycol; EDA—Ethylenediamine; DDA—Dodecylamine; C₁₈H₃₆—Octotene; DETA—Diethylenetriamine; N₂H₄—Hydrazine hydrate; Cu(acac)₂—Copper(II) acetylpyruvate.

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