Preparation of self-crystal electret poly(lactic acid) oriented nanofibers for efficiency filtration of particulate matters
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摘要: 近年来,为有效减少工业化过程中产生的颗粒物(PMs)对人们的生命健康造成危害,传统不可降解过滤材料被广泛使用,造成了严重的环境负担。为此,本文通过高温结晶聚左旋乳酸(PLLA)和聚右旋乳酸(PDLA)的立构复合物,构筑具有高电活性的立构复合晶(SC),并将其分散于聚乳酸(PLA)溶液中,在单向拉伸和高压电场作用下制得自晶体驻极PLA取向纳纤膜。通过SC添加和单向机械拉伸来调控纤维形态、诱导C=O偶极子定向排列、促进电活性β相产生及增强界面极化,自晶体驻极PLA取向纳纤膜的表面电势及介电性能得到极大改善。此外,高的电活性赋予自晶体驻极PLA取向纳纤膜优异的PMs去除性能,即使在气流量为85 L/min时,对PM0.3滤除效率仍达97.83%,空气阻力可控制在293 Pa,显著优于纯PLA膜(96.48%,411 Pa)。本文提出的通过自晶体驻极与取向协同策略相结合来提高PLA纳纤电活性的策略,所制备的纳纤膜表现出优异的过滤性能,这为有效解决传统聚乳酸纤维膜在空气过滤领域的应用瓶颈问题提供了重要的参考。Abstract: In recent years, in order to effectively reduce the danger to people's life and health caused by particulate matters (PMs) generated during industrialization, traditional non-degradable filter materials have been widely used, resulting in a serious environmental burden. Therefore, the stereocomplex crystals (SCs) were generated between enantiomeric poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) and poly(D-lactic acid) (PDLA) with high electroactivity were constructed from the PLLA and PDLA blends by high-temperature crystallization. The SCs were used as electret dispersed in poly(lactic acid) (PLA) solution, and under the effect of strong unidirectional mechanical polarization and high-voltage E-field polarization to prepare self-crystal electret oriented nanofibrous membranes. By varying the addition amount of SC and the unidirectional mechanical drawing to modulate the morphology of PLA nanofibers, induce the alignment of C=O dipoles, promote the generation of electroactive β-phase, and increase the interfacial polarization, the surface potential and dielectric properties of the fabricated self-crystal electret PLA oriented nanofibers were greatly improved. In addition, the self-crystal electret PLA oriented nanofibrous membranes exhibited excellent particle removal performance under strong interfacial polarization. Even at an air flow rate of 85 L/min, the self-crystal electret nanofibrous membrane reached a filtration efficiency of 97.83% for PM0.3, while the air resistance was controlled at 293 Pa, which was superior to that of the pure PLA membrane (96.48%, 411 Pa). The proposed strategy of increasing the polarization and electroactivity of PLA nanofibers by combining self-crystal electret and oriented strategy shows excellent filtration performance, which provides an important reference for effectively solving the bottleneck of the application of traditional PLA nanofibers in the field of air filtration.
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图 7 自晶体驻极PLA取向纳纤过滤膜的过滤性能测试。气体流速为(a) 10 L/min;(b) 32 L/min;(c) 65 L/min;(d) 85 L/min时对PM0.3的过滤效率
Figure 7. Filtration performance test of self-crystal electret PLA oriented nanofibrous filtration membranes. Filtration efficiency at airflow velocities of (a) 10 L/min, (b) 32 L/min, (c) 65 L/min, and (d) 85 L/min
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