FRP/SMA复合材料力学性能和可回复性能试验研究

惠迎新; 薛彦杰; 王文炜; 谈笑

FRP/SMA复合材料力学性能和可回复性能试验研究

1.
宁夏大学土木与水利工程学院, 银川 750021
2.
东南大学交通学院桥梁工程系, 南京 211189
3.
史蒂文斯理工学院, 霍博肯美国 07030

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(52268077)；国家自然科学基金(51878156)；宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划(2020 BFG02005)

详细信息

通讯作者:
王文炜，博士，教授，博士生导师，主要研究方向：新材料在桥梁结构中的应用　E-mail: wangwenwei@seu.edu.cn

中图分类号: (U441+3)
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-09-19
- 修回日期: 2022-11-11
- 录用日期: 2022-11-21
- 网络出版日期: 2022-12-12

Experimental study on mechanical properties and recoverability of FRP/SMA composites

1.
School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
2.
Department of Bridge Engineering, School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
3.
Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken 07030, New Jews

Funds: National Natural Science Foundation of China(52268077)；National Natural Science Foundation of China(51878156)；Key R&D Program of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region(2020 BFG02005)

摘要

摘要: 目的为了充分发挥FRP材料的轻质高强特性，一个有效的方法是将预应力引入到FRP片材中。然而，传统的机械式预应力施加方法存在施工复杂、施工空间狭小，预应力损失较大等缺点，限制了预应力FRP片材的推广与应用。因此，急需研究新的方法对FRP片材引入预应力。利用形状记忆合金SMA的回复效应将预应力引入到纤维复合材料FRP中是一种新理念。本文将FRP与SMA复合，形成一种新的复合材料用于结构加固修复中。方法结合SMA和FRP两种材料的优异性能，本文提出了一种新的FRP/SMA复合材料主动增强技术。为了测试FRP/SMA复合材料的单轴拉伸性能和回复性能，设计了两种FRP/SMA复合材料试件：第一种类型(I类)的复合材料试件是由CFRP片材与SMA丝在全部长度范围内进行复合，用于测试复合材料的力学性能；第二种类型(II类)的复合材料试件是将FRP片材与SMA丝进行部分复合并留出一段非复合区—激活段，用于对SMA丝通电升温，测试复合材料的回复性能。在力学性能试验中，将SMA丝的数量和直径作为试验变量，分析它们对FRP/SMA复合材料拉伸性能的影响；在受限回复试验中，将SMA丝直径和预应变水平作为试验变量，分析其对SMA丝及FRP/SMA复合材料可回复性能的影响。结果常温下形状记忆合金丝在单调拉伸至断裂的过程中主要经历四个阶段，其最大应变可达0.7以上，极限强度900MPa以上。随着应变的增加，SMA丝约在应变幅值为7%后进入强化阶段。FRP/SMA复合材料试件的单轴拉伸基本力学试验研究结果表明，在一定SMA丝掺量范围内，提高掺入SMA丝的数量(体积率)可提高FRP/SMA复合材料试件的最大断裂应变和抗拉强度，且掺入的丝数量越多，断后残余强度越大。掺入丝的直径明显影响FRP/SMA复合材料试件的拉伸弹性模量。SMA丝的回复应力随温度的变化呈明显的上升趋势，在一定预应变范围内，SMA丝的最大回复应力随预应变水平的增加而增加。0.5 mm的SMA丝的预应变水平为8%时，产生的最大回复应力为297 MPa；1.0 mm的SMA丝的预应变水平为8%时，产生的最大回复应力为392 MPa。结论本文验证了FRP/SMA复合材料通电回复试验的可行性，FRP/SMA复合材料试件的回复表现出首先缓慢上升，当达到奥氏体相变开始温度后回复应力迅速增长，达到奥氏体相变结束温度后回复应力趋于稳定的趋势。复合试件的最大回复应力与SMA单丝试件表现出类似的现象，但与SMA单丝试件相比，其最大回复应力略有降低。基于复合材料(I类)单轴拉伸试验结果，提出了预测复合材料(I类)试件强度、弹性模量和断裂应变的模型，并与试验值进行对比，预测值与试验值吻合较好。基于SMA丝和复合材料(II类)回复试验结果，提出的基于Brinson模型的修正模型，预测值与试验值吻合较好，可以有效地预测FRP/SMA复合材料的回复应力与温度的关系。
- FRP /
- SMA /
- 复合材料 /
- 形状记忆效应 /
- 受限回复性能
Abstract: Using the recovery effect of shape memory alloy (SMA) to introduce prestress into fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) is a new idea. In this paper, FRP and SMA are compounded to form a new composite material for structural strengthening and repair. The mechanical properties and limited recovery properties of FRP/SMA composites are tested. In the mechanical property test, the number and diameter of SMA wires are taken as test variables, and their effects on the tensile properties of FRP/SMA composites are analyzed; In the limited recovery test, the SMA wire diameter and pre-strain level were taken as test variables to analyze their effects on the recoverable properties of SMA wire and FRP/SMA composites. On the basis of experimental research, the regression equations of recovery stress temperature of SMA wire and FRP/SMA composites are given. The test results show that increasing the number of SMA wires can improve the maximum fracture strain and tensile strength of the composite. The more wires are added, the greater the residual strength after fracture. The diameter of SMA wire significantly affects the tensile elastic modulus of composite specimens. In the limited recovery performance test, the recovery stress of FRP/SMA composites shows an obvious upward trend with the increase of temperature in the phase transition range, and the maximum recovery stress of composites will increase with the increase of pre-strain level. The modified model based on Brinson’s model is proposed, and the predicted values are in good agreement with the experimental values, which can effectively predict the relationship between the recovery stress and temperature of SMA wire and FRP/SMA composites.
- FRP /
- SMA /
- composite material /
- shape memory effect /
- recovery behavior

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图 1 SMA热力学性能

Figure 1. Thermomechanical properties of SMA

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图 2 FRP/SMA复合材料预应力增强系统

Figure 2. FRP/SMA composite prestressed strengthening system

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图 3 SMA丝单调拉伸应力-应变关系曲线

Figure 3. Stress - strain relationship of SMA wires in monotonic tension

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图 4 两类FRP/SMA复合材料试件图

Figure 4. Two types of FRP/SMA composite specimens

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图 5 FRP/SMA复合材料的破坏形态

Figure 5. Failure modes of FRP/SMA composites

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图 6 FRP/SMA复合材料试件的应力-应变曲线

Figure 6. Stress-strain curve of FRP/SMA composite specimen

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图 7 SMA回复试验装置

Figure 7. SMA recovery test device

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图 8 0.5 mm SMA丝不同预应变水平情况下回复应力随温度的变化曲线

Figure 8. Recovery stress curve of 0.5 mm SMA wire with different pre-strain levels as a function of temperature

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图 9 1.0 mm SMA丝不同预应变水平情况下回复应力随温度的变化曲线

Figure 9. Recovery stress and temperature curve of 1.0 mm SMA wire with different pre-strain levels

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图 10 SMA丝回复应力-温度模拟曲线

Figure 10. Stress-temperature simulation curve of SMA wire recovery

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图 11 SMA丝最大回复应力试验值和模拟值比较

Figure 11. Comparison of the test value and simulation value of maximum recovery stress of SMA wire

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图 12 FRP/SMA复合材料试件受限回复试验

Figure 12. Restricted recovery test of FRP/SMA composite specimen

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图 13 FRP/SMA复合材料试件不同预应变水平情况下回复应力随温度的变化曲线

Figure 13. The recovery stress curve of FRP/SMA composite specimens with different pre-strain levels as a function of temperature

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表 1 材料的物理力学性能

Table 1. Physical and mechanical properties of materials

Material	Diameter	Austenite transition temperature(℃)		Martensite transition temperature(℃)		Phase transition stress(MPa)	Strength (MPa)	Elastic modulus (GPa)	Elongation (%)
Material	Diameter	Start A_s	Finish A_f	Start M_s	Finish M_f	Phase transition stress(MPa)	Strength (MPa)	Elastic modulus (GPa)	Elongation (%)
SMA wire	φ0.5 mm	106.12	121.40	55.34	27.34	122	982	12.2	78
SMA wire	φ1.0 mm	79.13	105.46	59.00	35.81	117	906	10.4	75
CFRP		-	-	-	-	-	3000	247.7	1.2
Epoxy resin		-	-	-	-	-	35	2.2	1.6

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表 2 两种类型的FRP/SMA复合材料试件

Table 2. Two types of FRP/SMA composite specimens

Specimen type	Specimen	Number of SMA wires	Diameter of SMA (mm)	Prestrain (%)	Length of composite section (mm)
FRP/SMA-I	FRP/SMA-I-0.5-5-4%	5	0.5	4	250
	FRP/SMA-I-0.5-10-4%	10	0.5	4	250
	FRP/SMA-I-0.5-15-4%	15	0.5	4	250
	FRP/SMA-I-1-10-4%	10	1.0	4	250
FRP/SMA-II	FRP/SMA-II-1.0-10-4%	10	1.0	4	2×70
	FRP/SMA-II-1.0-10-6%	10	1.0	6	2×70
	FRP/SMA-II-1.0-10-8%	10	1.0	8	2×70

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表 3 FRP/SMA复合材料试验与分析结果

Table 3. Test and analysis results of FRP/SMA composites

Specimen	No.	Strength(MPa)			Elastic modulus(GPa)			Fracture strain(%)			Failure mode
Specimen	No.	Test value	Calculated value	Test value / Calculated value	Test value	Calculated value	Test value / Calculated value	Test value	Calculated value	Test value / Calculated value	Failure mode
FRP/SMA-I-0.5- 5-4%	1	2206	2840	0.78	158.7	234.7	0.68	1.39	1.2	1.16	Longitudinal splitting
	2	2617		0.92	186.9		0.80	1.40		1.17
	3	2809		0.98	205.0		0.87	1.37		1.14
FRP/SMA-I-0.5-10-4%	1	2326	2697	0.86	169.7	222.9	0.76	1.32	1.2	1.10	Longitudinal splitting
	2	2566		0.95	192.9		0.87	1.33		1.11
	3	2828		1.05	212.6		0.95	1.28		1.07
FRP/SMA-I-0.5-15-4%	1	2602	3000	0.87	154.9	212.4	0.73	1.68	1.41	1.19	Burst failure
	2	2992		1.04	188.4		0.89	1.65		1.17
	3	2999		1.00	196.0		0.92	1.65		1.17
FRP/SMA-I-1.0-10-4%	1	1968	2078	0.95	145.8	171.8	0.85	1.35	1.2	1.13	Longitudinal splitting
	2	2085		1.00	156.8		0.91	1.33		1.11
	3	2039		0.98	156.8		0.91	1.30		1.08
Average value				0.95			0.85			1.13
Standard deviation				0.08			0.08			0.04
Coefficient of variation				0.08			0.09			0.04

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表 4 SMA回复性能试验试件设计与试验结果

Table 4. Design and test results of SMA recovery test specimen

Specimen	Length of SMA (mm)	Diameter of SMA (mm)	Prestrain (%)	Average value of maximum recovery stress (MPa)
SMA-0.5-4%	200	0.5	4	202
SMA-0.5-6%	200	0.5	6	273
SMA-0.5-8%	200	0.5	8	288
SMA-0.5-10%	200	0.5	10	295
SMA-1.0-4%	200	1.0	4	267
SMA-1.0-6%	200	1.0	6	312
SMA-1.0-8%	200	1.0	8	391

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表 5 FRP/SMA回复性能试验试件设计与试验结果表

Table 5. FRP/SMA recovery test specimen design and test results

Specimen	Length of activated section (mm)	Diameter of SMA (mm)	Prestrain (%)	Average value of maximum recovery stress (MPa)
FRP/SMA- II-1.0-4%	150	1.0	4	247
FRP/SMA- II-1.0-6%	150	1.0	6	284
FRP/SMA- II-1.0-8%	150	1.0	8	358

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