MOF-functionalized poly(lactic acid) nanofiberous membranes for efficient removal of PM0.3 and increased humidity resistance
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摘要: 聚乳酸(PLA)由于其生物可降解性在空气过滤领域具有良好的应用前景，但因其自身较低的电活性以及受到高湿度环境的影响，致使过滤效率不高。为此，采用微波辅助法合成了结构规整、极小尺寸(~500 nm)的金属有机框架MOF-5，进而通过静电纺丝-喷雾技术将不同负载量的MOF-5锚定于PLA纤维表面(PLA/MOF)。在负载量为8wt%时，介电常数和表面电势分别是纯PLA纳米纤维膜(纳纤膜)的2.3倍和3倍，PLA/MOF纳纤膜的电活性显著提升，摩擦电输出电压可达65.8 V。与纯PLA纳纤膜相比，PLA/MOF纳纤膜对PM0.3过滤效率大幅提高，均可达到96%以上。在高湿环境(RH=90%)，空气流速为85 L/min时，8wt%负载量的PLA/MOF纳纤膜的过滤效率也可达到90%以上。这种基于提高PLA电活性的MOF化纳纤膜在高湿度环境下滤除PM0.3等人体呼吸安全领域具有广阔应用前景。Abstract: Polylactic acid (PLA) has promising applications in the field of air filtration due to its biodegradability. However, its low electrical activity and susceptibility to high humidity environments lead to insufficient filtration efficiency. To address this issue, structured and ultra-small-sized (~500 nm) metal-organic framework MOF-5 was synthesized using microwave-assisted methods. Subsequently, different loading amounts of MOF-5 were anchored onto the surface of PLA fibers through electrospinning-spraying technology (PLA/MOF). At a loading amount of 8wt%, the dielectric constant and surface potential were 2.3 times and 3 times higher than those of Pure PLA nanofiber membranes, respectively. The electrical activity of PLA/MOF nanofiber membranes was significantly enhanced, with a frictional electricity output voltage of up to 65.8 V. Compared to Pure PLA nanofiber membranes, PLA/MOF nanofiber membranes exhibited a greatly improved filtration efficiency for PM0.3, both exceeding 96%. In a high-humidity environment (RH=90%) with an air flow rate of 85 L/min, the filtration efficiency of PLA/MOF nanofiber membranes with 8wt% loading could also reach over 90%. This MOF-functionalized nanofiber membrane, which enhances the electrical activity of PLA, holds great potential for applications in the field of human respiratory safety, especially in filtering out PM0.3 in high-humidity environments.
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图 1 MOF-5纳米颗粒和聚乳酸(PLA)/MOF纳纤膜的制备流程示意图
Figure 1. Schematic of the preparation process of MOF-5 nanoparticles and polylactic acid (PLA)/MOF nanofiber membranes
图 2 MOF-5纳米颗粒的微观形貌和结构(a) MOF-5粉末；(b) MOF-5纳米颗粒SEM图；(c) MOF-5的FTIR光谱；(d) MOF-5的XRD衍射图谱
Figure 2. Microscopic morphology and structure of MOF-5 nanoparticles (a) MOF-5 powder, (b) SEM image of MOF-5 nanoparticles, (c) FTIR spectrum of MOF-5, (d) XRD diffraction pattern of MOF-5
图 3 PLA/MOF纳纤膜的微观形貌 (a) Pure PLA；(b) PLA/MOF2；(c) PLA/MOF4；(d) PLA/MOF8
Figure 3. Microscopic morphology of PLA/MOF nanofiber membranes (a) Pure PLA, (b) PLA/MOF2, (c) PLA/MOF4, (d) PLA/MOF8
图 4 PLA/MOF纳纤膜纤维直径分布(a) Pure PLA；(b) PLA/MOF2；(c) PLA/MOF4；(d) PLA/MOF8
Figure 4. PLA/MOF nanofiber membrane fiber diameter distribution (a) Pure PLA, (b) PLA/MOF2, (c) PLA/MOF4, (d) PLA/MOF8
图 5 PLA/MOF纳纤膜微观结构(a) PLA/MOF纳纤膜的XRD衍射图谱；(b) PLA/MOF纳纤膜的FTIR光谱
Figure 5. Microstructure of PLA/MOF nanofiber membrane (a) XRD diffraction pattern of PLA/MOF nanofiber membrane, (b) FTIR spectra of PLA/MOF nanofiber membranes
图 6 PLA/MOF纳纤膜的电活性测试(a)表面电势；(b)介电常数；(c)正常湿度下(RH=30%)摩擦电电压；(d)高湿度下(RH=90%)摩擦电电压
Figure 6. Electroactivity testing of PLA/MOF nanofiber membranes (a) Surface potential, (b) Dielectric constant, (c) Friction electric voltage at normal humidity (RH=30%), (d) Friction electric voltage at high humidity (RH=90%)
图 7 PLA/MOF纳纤膜的过滤性能测试。气体流速为(a) 10 L/min、(b) 32 L/min、(c) 65 L/min、(d) 85 L/min时的过滤效率；在气体流速为85 L/min时(e)品质因子、(f)已报道不同纳纤膜的过滤效率、(g)不同湿度下的过滤效率、(h)高湿度时长效过滤效率测试
Figure 7. Filtration performance test of PLA/MOF nanofiber membrane. Filtration efficiency at gas flow rates of (a) 10 L/min, (b) 32 L/min, (c) 65 L/min, and (d) 85 L/min; at a gas flow rate of 85 L/min (e) Quality factor, (f) Reported filtration efficiencies of different nanofiber membranes, (g) Filtration efficiencies at different humidities, and (h) Long-lasting filtration efficiency test at high humidity
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