Preparation and properties of regenerated polyester hollow fiber wikis for sound absorption
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摘要: 随着环境污染问题的不断加剧，瓶片基再生聚酯纤维的开发和应用具有重要意义。本文以再生聚酯中空纤维和皮芯型热粘合纤维为原料，通过热风固结成型制备具有多尺度微孔的吸声材料，表征了聚酯中空纤维的结构与性能，此外采用驻波管法研究了中空纤维的线密度与吸声效果的关系，并提出了“多级”吸声理论。结果表明，线密度为10 D的中空纤维具有最大的中空度，最好的韧性，最优的吸声效果；吸声系数和降噪系数随厚度的增加线性增加，当厚度为2 cm时，降噪系数(NRC)大于0.5 ，有望成为理想的吸声材料。Abstract: With the aggravation of environmental pollution, the development and application of recycled polyester fibers based on bottle chip is of great significance. In this paper, recycled polyester hollow fibers and skin core type heat-bonded fibers were used as raw materials to prepare sound absorbing materials with multi-scale micropores by hot air consolidation. The structure and properties of polyester hollow fibers were characterized. Standing wave tube method was used to study the relationship between linear density and sound absorbing effect of hollow fibers, and a "multistage" sound absorbing theory was proposed. The results show that the hollow fibers with the linear density of 10 D has the largest hollowness, the best toughness and the best sound absorption effect. The sound absorption coefficient and noise reduction coefficient increase linearly with the increase of thickness. When the thickness is 2 cm, the noise reduction coefficient (NRC) is greater than 0.5, which is expected to become an ideal sound absorption material.
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图 1 热风固结吸声材料制备工艺流程图
Figure 1. Heat-air solidified sound-absorbing material preparation process flow chart
图 2 纤维截面的光学图像：中空聚酯纤维 ((a) 3.3 D；(b) 6.6 D；(c) 10 D；(d) 15 D) 和皮芯型热粘合纤维 (e)
Figure 2. Optical images of fibers cross section: Hollow polyester fibers ((a) 3.3 D; (b) 6.6 D; (c) 10 D; (d) 15 D) and skin core type heat-bonded fibers (e)
图 3 不同纤度聚酯中空纤维的断裂强度和断裂伸长率
Figure 3. Breaking strength and elongation at break of hollow polyester fibers with different fineness
图 4 聚酯纤维及吸声材料的热分析曲线：熔融 ((a)、(c))；结晶 ((b)、(d))
Figure 4. Thermal analysis curves of polyester fibers and sound absorbing materials: Melt ((a), (c)); Crystallization ((b), (d))
图 5 热风固结吸声材料表面 ((a)、(b)) 和截面 ((c)、(d)) SEM图像
Figure 5. SEM images of surface ((a), (b)) and section ((c), (d)) of sound absorption sample material under hot air consolidation
图 6 吸声材料的应力响应示意图 (a) 和响应曲线 (b)
Figure 6. Schematic diagram of stress response of sound absorbing materials (a) and response curves (b)
G—Farmar; F—Gravity
图 7 不同纤度制备的吸声材料吸声系数图
Figure 7. Sound absorption coefficient of sound-absorbing felt prepared with different sizes
图 8 吸声材料的吸声机制图：(a) 驻波管；(b) 吸声材料；(c) 声波在纤维间孔洞中折损；(d) 声波在纤维中空的折损；(e) 纤维自身的振动
Figure 8. Sound absorbing mechanism diagram of sound absorbing material: (a) Standing wave tube; (b) Sound absorbing material; (c) Acoustic wave loss in interfiber holes; (d) Loss of acoustic wave in the hollow of the fiber; (e) Vibration of the fiber itself
图 9 厚度对3#吸声材料吸声效果的影响
Figure 9. Influence of thickness on sound absorption effect of 3# sound absorbing material
表 1 4种吸声材料的原料规格、厚度和密度
Table 1. Raw material specifications, thickness and density of 4 kinds of sound absorbing materials
Sample number Denier of hollow
polyester fiber/DThickness/cm Density/(g·cm−3) 1# 3.3 0.64±0.002 0.25±0.020 2# 6.6 0.64±0.003 3# 10 0.64±0.001 4# 15 0.64±0.002 
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表 2 聚酯中空纤维的中空度
Table 2. Hollow degree of hollow polyester fibers
Fiber
denierHollow
degree/%Mean diameter of
hollow part/μm3.3 D 22.25 6.62 6.6 D 22.36 13.08 10 D 26.57 15.54 15 D 23.51 16.25 Note: 1 D×1.111=1 dtex.
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