聚芳醚酮(PAEK)树脂熔体黏度及冲击能量对其复合材料冲击损伤行为的影响

顾洋洋; 张金栋; 刘刚; 刘衍腾; 甘建; 杨曙光

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20221228.003

聚芳醚酮(PAEK)树脂熔体黏度及冲击能量对其复合材料冲击损伤行为的影响

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20221228.003

1.
东华大学　材料科学与工程学院，纤维材料改性国家重点实验室，上海 201620
2.
成都飞机设计研究所，成都 610091

基金项目: 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2232022 A-12)

详细信息

通讯作者:
刘刚，博士，研究员，博士生导师，研究方向为纤维增强树脂基复合材料　E-mail: liugang@dhu.edu.cn

中图分类号: TB332
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-11-01
- 修回日期: 2022-12-10
- 录用日期: 2022-12-20
- 网络出版日期: 2022-12-29
- 刊出日期: 2023-10-15

Effect of melt viscosity and impact energy of poly aryl ether ketone (PAEK) resins on the impact damage behavior of their composites

1.
State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
2.
Chengdu Institute of Aircraft Design, Chengdu 610091, China

Funds: Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2232022 A-12)

摘要

摘要: 采用两种不同熔体黏度的国产高性能聚芳醚酮树脂(PAEK-L、PAEK-H)及国产T300级碳纤维(SCF35)，制备了碳纤维增强聚芳醚酮(SCF35/PAEK)热塑性复合材料，研究了树脂基体黏度及冲击能量对复合材料冲击性能的影响，采用Micro-CT表征了准静态压入试样的内部形貌，研究了复合材料的冲击损伤机制。结果显示流动性较低的PAEK-L树脂基复合材料比流动性较高的PAEK-H树脂基复合材料具有更高的抗冲击性能，SCF35/PAEK-L复合材料体系冲击能量的损耗比SCF35/PAEK-H复合材料体系低~7%，其损伤面积小~90%，在6.67 J/mm的冲击能量下，其冲击后压缩强度达到~307 MPa，比SCF35/PAEK-H复合材料体系冲击后压缩强度(205 MPa)高~50%；SCF35/PAEK-L复合材料中表面凹坑的深度随冲击能量的增加呈增加的趋势，冲击后压缩强度随冲击能量的增加呈降低的趋势，当复合材料的表面凹坑深度达到1.0 mm左右，即达到勉强目视可见冲击损伤(BVID)门槛值时，剩余压缩强度为~268 MPa。准静态压入实验结果显示，SCF35/PAEK-L复合材料受到冲击后表面凹坑主要由树脂基体的塑性变形及纤维屈曲造成，表面凹坑周围的裂纹由压缩应力造成，冲击过程中试样背面的纤维在拉伸应力的作用下发生断裂，试样底层的纤维在剪切力的作用下萌生层间裂纹，随着试样挠曲变形程度的增加，纤维的断裂程度增加且层间裂纹逐渐扩展。
- 聚芳醚酮(PAEK) /
- 热塑性复合材料 /
- 低速冲击 /
- 勉强目视可见冲击损伤(BVID) /
- 冲击后压缩
Abstract: Carbon fiber reinforced poly aryl ether ketone (SCF35/PAEK) thermoplastic composites were prepared using two different melt viscosities of domestic high performance poly aryl ether ketone resins (PAEK-L and PAEK-H) and domestic T300 grade carbon fibers (SCF35), and the effects of resin matrix viscosity and impact energy and impact energy on the impact properties of the composites were investigated. In addition, the internal morphology of quasi-static indentation specimens was characterized by Micro-CT to study the impact damage mechanism of the composites. The results show that PAEK-L resin matrix composite with lower fluidity has higher impact resistance than PAEK-H resin matrix composite with higher fluidity. The impact energy loss of the SCF35/PAEK-L composite system is ~7% lower than that of the SCF35/PAEK-H composite system, its damage area is ~90% smaller, and its compression strength after impact reaches ~307 MPa at an impact energy of 6.67 J/mm, which is ~50% higher than that of SCF35/PAEK-H composite system (205 MPa). The depth of surface dent in SCF35/PAEK-L composites tends to increase with the increase of impact energy, and the compression strength after impact tends to decrease with the increase of impact energy, and the compression strength after impact is ~268 MPa when the depth of surface dent of the composites reaches about 1.0 mm, i.e., when the threshold value of barely visible impact damage (BVID) is reached. In addition, the results of quasi-static indentation tests show that the surface dent of SCF35/PAEK-L composite after impact is mainly caused by plastic deformation of the resin matrix and fiber flexure, the cracks around the surface dent are caused by compressive stress, the fiber on the back side of the specimen is fractured under the action of tensile stress during the impact process, the fiber on the bottom layer of the specimen sprouts interlayer cracks under the action of shear force, with the increase of flexural deformation of the specimen, the degree of fiber fracture increases and the interlayer cracks gradually expand.
- poly aryl ether ketone (PAEK) /
- thermoplastic composites /
- low velocity impact /
- barely visible impact damage (BVID) /
- compression after impact

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图 1 聚芳醚酮(PAEK)树脂的分子结构

Figure 1. Molecular structure of poly aryl ether ketone (PAEK)

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图 2 SCF35/PAEK预浸带的浸渍质量：(a) SCF35/PAEK-L；(b) SCF35/PAEK-H

Figure 2. Impregnation quality of SCF35/PAEK prepreg: (a) SCF35/PAEK-L; (b) SCF35/PAEK-H

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图 3 SCF35/PAEK复合材料成型工艺

Figure 3. Forming process of SCF35/PAEK composite

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图 4 SCF35/PAEK复合材料中典型的冲击损伤面积S：(a) SCF35/PAEK-L；(b) SCF35/PAEK-H

Figure 4. Typical impact damage areas S in SCF35/PAEK composites: (a) SCF35/PAEK-L; (b) SCF35/PAEK-H

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图 5 SCF35/PAEK复合材料典型的冲击载荷与冲击位移间的关系：(a) SCF35/PAEK-L；(b) SCF35/PAEK-H

Figure 5. Typical relationship between impact load and impact displacement for SCF35/PAEK composites: (a) SCF35/PAEK-L; (b) SCF35/PAEK-H

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图 6 SCF35/PAEK复合材料典型的冲击能量与冲击时间的关系：(a) SCF35/PAEK-L；(b) SCF35/PAEK-H

Figure 6. Typical relationship between impact energy and impact time for SCF35/PAEK composites: (a) SCF35/PAEK-L; (b) SCF35/PAEK-H

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图 7 PAEK树脂基体对SCF35碳纤维的浸润状态：(a) Cassie接触状态；(b) Wenzel接触状态

Figure 7. Infiltration state of PAEK resin matrix on SCF35 carbon fiber: (a) Cassie state; (b) Wenzel state

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图 8 SCF35/PAEK断裂形貌：(a) SCF35/PAEK-L I型；(b) SCF35/PAEK-L II型；(c) SCF35/PAEK-H I型；(d) SCF35/PAEK-H II型

Figure 8. Fracture morphologies of SCF35/PAEK: (a) SCF35/PAEK-L type I; (b) SCF35/PAEK-L type II; (c) SCF35/PAEK-H type I; (d) SCF35/PAEK-H type II

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图 9 SCF35/PAEK-L复合材料不同冲击能量下冲击载荷与冲击位移的关系：(a) 25 J；(b) 30 J；(c) 35 J；(d) 40 J；(e) 45 J；(f) 50 J

Figure 9. Relationship between impact load and impact displacement for different impact energies of SCF35/PAEK-L composites: (a) 25 J; (b) 30 J; (c) 35 J; (d) 40 J; (e) 45 J; (f) 50 J

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图 10 SCF35/PAEK-L复合材料不同冲击能量与冲击时间的关系：(a) 25 J；(b) 30 J；(c) 35 J；(d) 40 J；(e) 45 J；(f) 50 J

Figure 10. Relationship between different impact energy and impact time of SCF35/PAEK-L composite: (a) 25 J; (b) 30 J; (c) 35 J; (d) 40 J; (e) 45 J; (f) 50 J

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图 11 SCF35/PAEK-L复合材料在不同冲击能量下的冲击损伤面积

Figure 11. Impact damage area of SCF35/PAEK-L composite at different impact energies

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图 12 SCF35/PAEK-L复合材料在不同冲击能量下的表面凹坑形貌

Figure 12. Morphologies of surface dent of SCF35/PAEK-L composite at different impact energies

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图 13 SCF35/PAEK-L复合材料的凹坑深度、凹坑直径、损伤面积与冲击能量的关系

Figure 13. Relationship between dent depth, dent diameter, damage area and impact energy of SCF35/PAEK-L composite

BVID—Barely visible impact damage

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图 14 SCF35/PAEK-L复合材料不同冲击能量下的冲击后压缩强度

Figure 14. Compression strength after impact of SCF35/PAEK-L composites at different impact energies

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图 15 SCF35/PAEK-L复合材料的冲击损伤表面形貌

Figure 15. Impact damage surface morphologies of composite

D—Diameter of the dent on the impact-damaged surface of the composites

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图 16 SCF35/PAEK-L复合材料的凹坑回弹变化

Figure 16. Resilience variation of surface dent depth of SCF35/PAEK-L composite

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图 17 SCF35/PAEK-L复合材料在准静态压入过程中的载荷-位移曲线及表面凹坑形貌

Figure 17. Load-displacement curves and surface crater morphologies of SCF35/PAEK-L composites during quasi-static indentation process

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图 18 SCF35/PAEK-L复合材料在准静态压入过程中不同阶段的内部形貌

Figure 18. Internal morphologies of SCF35/PAEK-L composite at different stages in quasi-static indentation process

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表 1 国产 T300 级碳纤维(SCF35)/PAEK预浸带参数及其复合材料基本性能

Table 1. Parameters of domestic T300 grade carbon fiber (SCF35)/PAEK prepreg and its basic composite properties

Prepregs	FAW/ (g∙m⁻²)	FC/%	RC/%	Tensile properties (0°)		Compression properties (0°)		Flexural properties (0°)
Prepregs	FAW/ (g∙m⁻²)	FC/%	RC/%	Strength/ MPa	Modulus/ GPa	Strength/ MPa	Modulus/ GPa	Strength/ MPa	Modulus/ GPa
SCF35/PAEK-L	145±5	52±3	40±2	1730	119	1140	116	1400	117
SCF35/PAEK-H	145±5	52±3	40±2	1720	125	1200	118	1560	118
Notes: FAW—Fiber areal weight of SCF35/PAEK prepreg; FC—Fiber content by volume of SCF35/PAEK prepreg; RC—Resin content by weight of SCF35/PAEK prepreg; SCF35/PAEK-L—Composites of SCF35 carbon fiber reinforced low flowability poly aryl ether ketone; SCF35/PAEK-H—Composites of SCF35 carbon fiber reinforced high flowability poly aryl ether ketone.

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表 2 SCF35/PAEK复合材料的抗冲击损伤性能

Table 2. Impact damage resistance of SCF35/PAEK composites

System	Impact energy/(J·mm⁻¹)	Dent depth/mm	Damage area/cm²	CAI/MPa
SCF35/PAEK-L	6.67	0.6 ± 0.04	5.3 ± 0.3	307 ± 16
SCF35/PAEK-H		1.0 ± 0.09	10.0 ± 0.9	205 ± 11
Domestic T300/EP		0.3 ± 0.03	11.0 ± 1.34	197 ± 15
TC1225^[23]	30.5 J	—	—	310 ± 11
Notes: CAI—Compression after impact strength of SCF35/PAEK composites; TC1225—Standard modulus carbon fiber reinforced PAEK prepreg manufactured by Toray Corporation of Japan; EP—Epoxy resin.

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