超高性能混凝土的自愈合及抗冻性能

阚黎黎; 乔宏卓; 王飞; 刘能; 王景波

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20220617.002

超高性能混凝土的自愈合及抗冻性能

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20220617.002

上海理工大学　环境与建筑学院，上海 200093

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(51508329)

详细信息

通讯作者:
阚黎黎，博士，副教授，硕士生导师，研究方向为高性能纤维增强复合材料　E-mail: kanlili1@163.com

中图分类号: TU528
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-04-06
- 修回日期: 2022-05-25
- 录用日期: 2022-06-04
- 网络出版日期: 2022-06-20
- 刊出日期: 2023-04-15

Self-healing and frost resistance of ultra-high performance concrete

School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China

Funds: National Natural Science Foundation of China (51508329)

摘要

摘要: 为研究带裂服役超高性能混凝土(UHPC)的自愈合及抗冻性能，对混杂钢纤维UHPC试件预加0.05%和0.1%两种应变损伤，置于水中养护28天自愈合后进行300次冻融循环试验。通过单轴拉伸性能、裂缝特征、质量损失及超声波脉冲速率(UPV)指标综合评价UHPC的自愈合及抗冻性能，并利用扫描电子显微镜和能谱仪(SEM-EDS)分析微观结构和愈合产物。结果表明：28天水养后，预损伤0.05%试件表现出较好的自愈合性能，抗拉强度、拉伸应变和应变能均高于参照试件，表面所有裂缝全部愈合；预损伤0.1%试件的拉伸性能低于参照试件，表面最大裂缝(宽度为69 μm)并未完全愈合。300次冻融循环后，两种预损伤试件的初裂强度和抗拉强度均进一步增加，而拉伸应变和应变能均有所减小。相对质量与UPV的变化趋势能够很好地反映两种预损伤试件的再水化效应。SEM-EDS结果显示：距裂缝较近部位的纤维-基体粘结更牢固；裂缝表面的愈合产物主要为Ca(OH)₂和CaCO₃，内侧主要为水化硅酸钙(C-S-H)凝胶。
- 超高性能混凝土 /
- 冻融循环 /
- 自愈合 /
- 单轴拉伸性能 /
- 超声波脉冲速率 /
- 微观结构
Abstract: In order to study the self-healing and frost resistance performance of cracked ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) in service, UHPC specimens with hybrid steel fibers were pre-loaded to the tensile strain level of 0.05% and 0.1%, respectively, cured in water for 28 days and then used for performing 300 freezing and thawing cycles experiment. The indexes including uniaxial tensile property, characteristics of crack, mass and ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) were utilized to comprehensively evaluate the self-healing and frost resistance performance. Meanwhile scanning electronic microscope and energy disperse spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) were adopted to analyze microstructure and self-healing products. The results show that: after 28 days water-curing, the specimen with pre-loaded strain of 0.05% exhibits better self-healing, in which the tensile strength, tensile strain and strain energy are higher than those of the reference specimen, and all surface cracks close; The parameters of tensile properties of the specimens with pre-loaded strain of 0.1% are lower compared to the reference specimen, with a partially healed maximum crack (the width of 69 μm). After 300 freezing and thawing cycles, the initial cracking strength and tensile strength of two types of pre-damaged specimens further increase, while both the tensile strain and strain energy show the decrease trend. The variation of relative mass and UPV can well reflect the secondary-hydration effect of two specimens. The results of SEM-EDS demonstrate that, the fiber-matrix bonding near crack is stronger; The healing products are mainly Ca(OH)₂ and CaCO₃ on the surface of crack, and calcium silicate hydrated (C-S-H) gel in the inner side of crack.
- ultra-high performance concrete /
- freezing and thawing cycles /
- self-healing /
- uniaxial tensile properties /
- ultrasonic pulse velocity /
- microstructure

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图 1 狗骨试件尺寸

Figure 1. Geometries of dog-bone shaped specimen

R—Radius

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图 2 超声波脉冲测试示意图：(a) 试验装置；(b) 测试位置

Figure 2. Illustration of ultrasonic pulse measurement: (a) Test setup; (b) Measured position

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图 3 不同预损伤UHPC试件的拉伸应力-应变曲线：(a) 预加载应变0.05%；(b) 预加载应变0.1%

Figure 3. Tensile stress-strain curves of the different pre-damage UHPC specimens: (a) Pre-loaded strain 0.05%；(b) Pre-loaded strain 0.1%

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图 4 不同UHPC试件的拉伸性能参数：(a) 初裂强度；(b) 抗拉强度；(c) 拉伸应变；(d) 应变能

Figure 4. Characteristics of tensile properties for different UHPC specimens: (a) Initial cracking strength; (b) Tensile strength; (c) Tensile strain capacity; (d) Strain energy

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图 5 不同UHPC试件的拉伸应变与抗拉强度/初裂强度(σ/σ_oc)的关系

Figure 5. Relationship between tensile strain and the ratio of the tensile strength/the initial cracking strength (σ/σ_oc) for different UHPC specimens

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图 6 两种愈合UHPC试件拉伸后的表面裂缝

Figure 6. Surface crack curves of two kinds of healed UHPC specimens after tension

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图 7 不同UHPC试件的相对质量变化

Figure 7. Changes in relative mass of different UHPC specimens

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图 8 不同UHPC试件的相对超声波脉冲速率(UPV)变化

Figure 8. Changes in relative ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) of different UHPC specimens

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图 9 冻融作用后0.1%-FT UHPC试样的SEM图像：(a) 远离裂缝处；(b)靠近裂缝处；(c) 裂缝表面；(d) 裂缝内侧

Figure 9. SEM images of the 0.1%-FT UHPC sample after freezing and thawing action: (a) Far crack; (b) Near crack; (c) Surface of crack; (d) Inner side of crack

C-S-H—Calcium silicate hydrated

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表 1 水泥和硅灰的化学组成

Table 1. Chemical composition of cement and silica fume

Material	Mass fraction/wt%
Material	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	Fe₂O₃	CaO	MgO	SO₃	Na₂O	K₂O	LOI
Cement	19.3	3.8	3.4	63.5	2.8	3.5	0.10	0.8	1.44
Silica fume	93.0	0.3	0.8	0.3	0.3	0.8	0.36	—	1.50
Note: LOI—Loss on ignition.

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表 2 混杂钢纤维超高性能混凝土(UHPC)配合比

Table 2. Mixture proportion of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) with hybrid fibers wt%

Cement	Silica fume	Sand	Water	Superplasticizer	Steel fibers
Cement	Silica fume	Sand	Water	Superplasticizer	Long	Short
36.88	6.15	40.98	8.18	0.29	4.58	3.06

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表 3 试件类型

Table 3. Specimen of type

Specimen types	Mechanism	Strain
0.05%-Pre	Pre-damage	0.05%
0.05%-SH	Self-healing in water after pre-damage	0.05%
0.05%-FT	Freezing and thawing cycles after self-healing	0.05%
0.1%-Pre	Pre-damage	0.1%
0.1%-SH	Self-healing in water after pre-damage	0.1%
0.1%-FT	Freezing and thawing cycles after self-healing	0.1%

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表 4 两种预损伤UHPC试件愈合前后的表面裂缝信息

Table 4. Surface crack information of two kinds of pre-damaged UHPC specimens before and after self-healing

Specimen	Number of cracks			Maximum crack width/μm	Total crack number
Specimen	≤10 μm	10-50 μm	>50 μm	Maximum crack width/μm	Total crack number
0.05%-Pre	4±2	1±1	0±0	35±13	5±1
0.05%-SH	0±0	0±0	0±0	0±0	0±0
0.1%-Pre	2±1	1±1	1±1	67±21	4±1
0.1%-SH	0±0	1±1	0±0	29±17	1±1

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表 5 EDS元素分析结果

Table 5. Analyzed results of elements by EDS

Element	Content	O	C	Si	Ca	Total
Area-1	Mass percent/wt%	13.77	13.72	4.30	68.21	100
Area-1	Atom percent/at%	22.31	29.60	3.97	44.12	100
Area-2	Mass percent/wt%	10.96	8.30	20.73	60.01	100
Area-2	Atom percent/at%	18.97	19.13	20.43	41.46	100

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