Effect of thickness of carbon fiber backplane on penetration resistance of aluminum composite plate
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摘要: 碳纤维(Carbon Fiber CF)复合材料以其高强度，低密度而广泛应用于航空航天防护领域。为研究CF背板厚度对Al/CF复合板抗冲击效果与纤维层损伤性质的影响，开展滑膛枪发射8 mm钨合金球形破片正侵彻冲击Al/CF复合板实验，利用DIC与CT得到复合板在不同冲击条件下的动态响应及内部破坏。基于破片侵彻Al/CF复合板的有限元模型，以研究CF板厚度(0.7~12.6 mm)对Al/CF复合板吸能性能的影响。结果表明：Al板在冲击作用下发生剪切破坏，贴近Al板的内层纤维受到压剪破坏，而外层纤维产生拉伸变形，破坏裂纹沿着纤维方向延伸且分层现象显著；CF板厚度对Al板机械支撑的影响呈非线性增大，CF板增加到一定厚度后(4.2 mm、5.6 mm、5.6 mm)，破片(
1000 m/s、1250 m/s、1500 m/s)穿透Al板阶段的能量吸收没有明显增强，Al板吸收冲击动能分别为1008.02 J、2061.84 J、2868.61 J；纤维层位置影响纤维损伤面积和纤维损伤形状的变化，纤维损伤面积沿纤维厚度方向先减小后增大，纤维损伤形状沿厚度方向由椭圆形变为细长形；随着CF板纤维厚度的增加，碳纤维变形程度减小，复合板的比吸能随面密度增加而线性下降。Abstract: Carbon Fiber (CF) composites are widely used in the field of aerospace protection due to their high strength and low density. To investigate the effect of carbon fiber (CF) backplate thickness on the impact resistance of Al plates, the experiments using a musket were conducted to launch an 8 mm tungsten alloy spherical projectile at Al/CF composite plates. The dynamic response and internal damage of the composite plates under different impact conditions were examined by digital image correlation (DIC) and computed tomography (CT). The effect of CF plate thickness (0.7~12.6 mm) on the energy absorption performance of Al/CF composite plate was studied based on the finite element model of fragment penetration of Al/CF composite plate. The results show that the aluminum plate is subjected to shear failure under the impact, the inner fiber is damaged with compressive shear, while the outer fiber is deformed by tensile deformation. The failure crack extends along the fiber direction and the delamination is significant. The energy absorption of Al plate does not increase significantly under the penetration of projectiles (1000 m/s,1250 m/s,1500 m/s) when the CF plate increases to a certain thickness (4.2 mm, 5.6 mm, 5.6 mm), and the impact kinetic energy of Al plate is1008.02 J,2061.84 J and2868.61 J, respectively. The fiber layer position affects the change of the fiber damage area and the fiber damage shape, the fiber damage area decreases firstly and then increases along the direction of fiber thickness, and the fiber damage shape changes from oval to elongated along the direction of thickness. With the fiber thickness increase, the specific energy absorption of Al/CF composite plate decreases linearly with the areal density increase. -
图 3 靶板固定方式与高速相机拍摄示意图
Figure 3. Schematic diagram of target plate fixing method and high-speed camera shooting
图 5 破片末速与数值模拟破片末速的对比
Figure 5. Comparison of projectile velocity and Numerical Simulation of projectile velocity
图 9
1250 m/s冲击速度下的FSP侵彻Al/18CF复合板应力云图Figure 9. Cross-sectional view of FSP penetrating Al/18CF composite panel with muzzle velocity of
1250 m/s
图 10 侵彻Al板消耗动能随CF背板厚度增加变化曲线
Figure 10. Variation of kinetic energy consumed by penetrating aluminum plate with the increase of CF backplate thickness
图 12 Al/16CF复合板纤维层纤维失效面积沿厚度方向变化趋势
Figure 12. Variation trend of fiber failure area along the thickness direction in Al/16CF composite laminates
图 13 Al/6CF复合板受到
1000 m/s初速破片冲击下的纤维破坏形状Figure 13. Fiber damage shape of Al/6CF composite plate under the impact of
1000 m/s initial velocity projectile
图 14 纤维失效形状沿厚度方向变化趋势
Figure 14. Fiber failure shape changes along the thickness direction
图 15 Al/4CF与Al/8CF复合板DIC分析及应力传播
Figure 15. DIC analysis and stress propagation of Al/4CF and Al/8CF composite plate
图 16 Fig. 16 比吸能随面密度变化趋势
Figure 16. Specific energy absorption trend with areal density
表 1 碳布和环氧树脂的材料参数
Table 1. Material parameters of carbon cloth and epoxy resin
Material Model σb/MPa E/GPa λ/% σf/MPa σbc/MPa ρA/(m·s−2) Carbon fiber UT70-30 3961 240 1.8 917 --- 300 Epoxy resin WB-674 T 50 2.62 2.8 67 76 --- Notes：σb is the tensile strength; E is the elastic modulus; σf is the flexural strength; σbc is the compressive strength; ρA is the areal density. 
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表 2 CF 力学参数
Table 2. CF mechanical parameters
ρ/(kg·m−3) E11/GPa E22/GPa E22/GPa ν12 ν13 ν23 1796.4 253.338 4.814 4.814 0.3 0.3 0.3 Xt/MPa Xc/MPa Yt/MPa Yc/MPa Zt Zc S12/MPa 3621 2624 26.25 56.50 26.25 56.50 69.70 S13/MPa 2.86 Notes：ρ is the density; E11, E22, E33 are the moduli of elasticity in the axial, tangential and normal directions; ν12、ν13、ν23 are the poisson's ratio, Xt, Yt, Zt are ultimate tensile strength, Xc, Yc, Zc are ultimate compressive strength, S12, S13, S23 are ultimate shear stress.
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表 5 侵彻靶板数值模拟与实验数据对比
Table 5. Comparison of penetration target simulation and experimental data
Thickness/mm Structure Initial velocity/(m·s−1) Terminal velocity/(m·s−1) Error/% Simulation Experience 10.02 Al 1027.49 823.83 844.88 2.5 10.01 Al 861.67 682.44 658.75 3.6 10.01 Al 1020.48 822.30 835.62 1.6 10.01 Al 1283.26 1043.31 1093.19 4.6 10.00 Al 1091.24 879.88 856.74 2.7 12.72 Al/4CF 1010.14 784.35 794.27 1.3 12.70 Al/4CF 1378.16 1065.34 1193.97 1.1 14.20 Al/6CF 1048.13 798.47 777.00 2.8 15.50 Al/8CF 1006.73 670.38 679.29 1.3 17.20 Al/10CF 975.60 621.53 610.66 1.8 18.40 Al/12CF 954.95 577.39 574.30 0.5
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