Failure Mechanisms and Defect Analysis of 3D Printed CCF/PEEK Composites Based on Synchrotron Radiation
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摘要: 针对丝材预浸渍处理的连续碳纤维增强聚醚醚酮复合材料(CCF/PEEK)，采用同步辐射μCT表征手段，分析了拉伸/弯曲过程中碳纤维/树脂界面和层间的失效模式及机制，结合缺陷和拉伸力学性能分析，揭示了预浸渍处理对CCF/PEEK材料结构和力学性能的影响。研究结果表明：由于不良浸渍及层间温度梯度，预浸渍样品在纤维/树脂界面和层间均存在缺陷，并随拉伸/弯曲载荷作用演变为层间裂纹，原丝样品则发生纤维脱粘和拔出；预浸渍处理后试样平均拉伸强度提高17.21%，孔隙率降低56.6%，树脂充分渗入纤维丝束，明显改善了材料纤维/树脂界面结合和力学性能。
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关键词:
- 连续碳纤维增强聚醚醚酮 /
- 同步辐射μCT /
- 失效模式 /
- 预浸渍 /
- 拉伸强度
Abstract: In this study, continuous carbon fiber-reinforced poly-ether-ether-ketone composite (CCF/PEEK) with filament pre-impregnation(prepreg) treatment was investigated. Employing synchrotron radiation μCT characterization, the failure modes and mechanisms at the fiber/resin interface and interlayers during tensile/bending processes were analyzed. Combined with defect and tensile mechanical property analyses, the impact of prepreg on the structure and mechanical properties of CCF/PEEK materials was elucidated. The results revealed that due to inadequate impregnation and interlayer temperature gradients, defects existed at both the fiber/resin interface and interlayers in the prepreg sample, evolving into interlaminar cracks under tensile/bending loads, while fiber debonding and pull-out occurred in the original sample. After prepreg treatment, the average tensile strength of the samples increased by 17.21%, and the porosity decreased by 56.6%. The resin fully infiltrated the fiber bundles, significantly enhancing the fiber/resin interface bonding and mechanical properties of the material. -
图 5 原丝试样动态拉伸投影; 拉伸应力(a) 0 N、(b) 127 N、(c) 192 N、(d) 91 N
Figure 5. Dynamic stretch projection of the original sample; Tensile stress at (a) 0 N, (b) 127 N, (c) 192 N, and (d) 91 N.
图 6 原丝试样层间结构; 拉伸应力(a)0 N、(b)127 N、(c)192 N、(d)91 N
Figure 6. Interlayer structure of the original sample; Tensile stress at (a) 0 N, (b) 127 N, (c) 192 N, a Nd (d) 91 N.
图 7 原丝试样预制裂纹处结构; 拉伸应力(a) 0 N、(b) 127 N、(c) 192 N、(d) 91 N
Figure 7. Prefabricated crack structure of the original sample; Tensile stress at (a) 0 N , (b) 127 N, (c) 192 N, and (d) 91 N.
图 8 原丝样品三点弯曲层间结构切片图；(a)、(b)夹头位移3 mm；(c)、(d)夹头位移5 mm
Figure 8. Slices of the original sample under three-point bending; (a) and (b) with a clamp displacement of 3 mm; (c) and (d) with a clamp displacement of 5 mm.
图 9 预浸丝样品三点弯曲层间结构切片图；(a)、(b)夹头位移3 mm；(c)、(d)夹头位移5 mm
Figure 9. Slices of the prepreg sample under three-point bending; (a) and (b) with a clamp displacement of 3 mm; (c) and (d) with a clamp displacement of 5 mm.
图 10 预浸丝试样层间结构；拉伸应力(a) 80 N、(b) 240 N、(c) 140 N、(d) 100 N
Figure 10. Interlayer structure of the prepreg sample; Tensile stress at (a) 80 N, (b) 240 N, (c) 140 N, and (d) 100 N.
图 11 预浸丝试样预制裂纹处结构；拉伸应力(a) 80 N、(b) 240 N、(c) 140 N、(d) 100 N
Figure 11. Prefabricated crack structure of the prepreg sample; Tensile stress at (a) 80 N, (b) 240 N, (c) 140 N, and (d) 100 N.
图 12 预浸渍CCF/PEEK缺陷分布及演化过程
Figure 12. Defect distribution and evolution process of prepreg CCF/PEEK
表 1 碳纤维相关参数
Table 1. Properties of carbon fiber
Properties Typical value Density 1.76 g/cm³ Tensile strength 3880 MPa Tensile modulus 234 GPa 
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表 2 聚醚醚酮(PEEK)相关参数
Table 2. Properties of poly-ether-ether-ketone composite (PEEK)
Properties Typical value Density 1.30 g/cm³ Glass transition temperature 143℃ Melting Point 343℃ Tensile strength 99.9 MPa Young’s modulus 3738 MPa
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表 3 预浸丝试样拉伸缺陷变化
Table 3. Porosity changes of prepreg sample during stretching process
Stretched state Tensile force Defect volume fraction 1 80 N 4.34% 2 240 N 10.60% 3 140 N 10.41% 4 100 N 14.80%
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表 4 两类试样缺陷特征
Table 4. Defect characteristics of two types of samples
Void characteristics Raw sample Prepreg sample Volume/μm³ 109720.15±
1949990.0642468.19±
301969.30Surface area/μm2 (274.63,
60440843.13)(274.63,
9079102.5)Shape factor *1647.75 *1922.375 Defect volume fraction 4.61% 2.00% Note: Pore data larger than 200 voxels are expressed as: mean ± standard deviation (minimum, maximum) * median.
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表 5 CCF/PEEK标准试样拉伸力学性能
Table 5. Tensile mechanical properties of CCF/PEEK standard specimens
Type σM/MPa Et/MPa εB/% Raw samples 270.054 31789.142 0.894 Prepreg samples 316.536 29465.054 0.990 Note: Physical significance of each parameter—σM represents tensile strength, Et represents tensile modulus of elasticity and εB represents tensile fracture strain.
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