基于孔体积分形维数的稻壳灰混凝土冻融损伤劣化机制

张韦; 刘超; 刘化威; 林鑫; 张治宁

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20221014.004

基于孔体积分形维数的稻壳灰混凝土冻融损伤劣化机制

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20221014.004

张韦¹,
刘超^1, ,,
刘化威¹,
林鑫²,
张治宁³

1.
西安建筑科技大学　土木工程学院，西安 710055
2.
远东幕墙(西安)有限公司，西安 710018
3.
西安建筑科技大学　理学院，西安 710055

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目(51878546；52178251)；陕西省杰出青年科学基金项目(2020 JC-46)；陕西省重点研究发展项目(2020 SF-367)

详细信息

通讯作者:
刘超，博士，教授，博士生导师，研究方向为建筑固废资源化利用　E-mail：chaoliu@xauat.edu.cn

中图分类号: TU528；TB333
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-08-29
- 修回日期: 2022-09-20
- 录用日期: 2022-10-06
- 网络出版日期: 2022-10-17
- 刊出日期: 2023-08-15

Freeze-thaw damage deterioration mechanism of rice husk ash concrete based on pore volume fractal dimension

1.
School of Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
2.
Far East Façade (Xi'an) Limited, Xi'an 710018, China
3.
School of Science, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China

Funds: National Natural Science Foundation of China (51878546; 52178251); Science Foundation Project for Outstanding Youth of Shaanxi Province (2020 JC-46); Key Research and Development Projects of Shaanxi Province (2020 SF-367)

摘要

摘要: 在日益严峻的环境压力下，稻壳灰(RHA)等农业副产品在混凝土中的应用引起了广泛关注。为研究稻壳灰等质量部分取代(0%、10%、20%、30%)硅酸盐水泥对混凝土抗冻性能的影响，对冻融循环作用下的稻壳灰混凝土进行表观形貌、质量损失、动弹性模量和抗压强度试验，并通过建立孔体积分形维数模型来探究水泥浆体孔空间分布形态，揭示了稻壳灰混凝土冻融损伤劣化机制。结果表明：随着冻融循环次数增加，混凝土表面剥落损伤逐渐加剧，质量损失率呈现先减小后增加的趋势，相对动弹性模量和相对抗压强度呈现下降趋势。此外，由于冻融循环前后的硬化水泥浆体表现出明显的多重分形特征，可将其孔结构分为大孔和小孔两类。冻融循环作用下，稻壳灰介孔结构改善了小孔的孔径分布，其分形维数增加。而大孔对冻融循环更敏感，其孔隙结构会由于膨胀压的逐渐累积而发生冻融破坏。
- 混凝土 /
- 稻壳灰 /
- 冻融循环 /
- 分形维数 /
- 介孔结构
Abstract: Under the increasingly severe environmental pressure, the application of agricultural by-products such as rice husk ash (RHA) in concrete has attracted widespread attention. In order to study the effect of rice husk ash partial replacement (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%) of Portland cement by equal mass on the frost resistance of concrete, the apparent morphology, mass loss, dynamic elastic modulus and compressive strength of rice husk ash concrete under the action of freeze-thaw cycles were conducted, while the spatial distribution pattern of cement paste pores was explored by establishing the pore volume fractal dimension model, and the freeze-thaw damage deterioration mechanism of rice husk ash concrete was revealed. The results show that with the increase of the number of freeze-thaw cycles, the surface spalling damage of concrete gradually intensifies, the mass loss rate tends to decrease and then increase, while the relative dynamic elastic modulus and relative compressive strength show a decreasing trend. In addition, since the hardened cement paste before and after freeze-thaw cycles shows obvious multifractal characteristics, its pore structure can be divided into two categories: Small pores and great pores. Under the action of freeze-thaw cycles, the existence of the mesoporous structure of rice husk ash will improve the pore size distribution of concrete, resulting in an increase in the fractal dimension of the small pores. The great pores are more sensitive to freeze-thaw cycles, and their pore structures will be subject to freeze-thaw damage due to the gradual accumulation of swelling pressure.
- concrete /
- rice husk ash /
- freeze-thaw cycle /
- fractal dimension /
- mesoporous structure

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图 1 (a)稻壳灰(RHA)的微观形貌；(b) RHA表面的介孔结构

Figure 1. (a) Micromorphology of rice husk ash (RHA); (b) Mesoporous structure on the surface of RHA

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图 2 原材料的粒径分布

Figure 2. Particle size distribution of raw materials

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图 3 RHA/NC冻融循环试验

Figure 3. Freeze-thaw cycles test of RHA/NC

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图 4 不同稻壳灰取代率的RHA/NC试件在100、200、300次冻融循环后的表观形貌

Figure 4. Apparent morphology of RHA/NC specimens with different RHA replacement ratios after 100, 200 and 300 freeze-thaw cycles

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图 5 不同稻壳灰取代率的RHA/NC试件质量损失率与冻融循环次数的关系

Figure 5. Relationship between the mass loss rate of RHA/NC specimens with different RHA replacement ratios and the number of freeze-thaw cycles

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图 6 不同稻壳灰取代率的RHA/NC试件相对动弹性模量与冻融循环次数的关系

Figure 6. Relationship between the relative dynamic elastic modulus of RHA/NC specimens with different RHA replacement ratios and the number of freeze-thaw cycles

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图 7 不同稻壳灰取代率的RHA/NC试件相对抗压强度与冻融循环次数的关系

Figure 7. Relationship between the relative compressive strength of RHA/NC specimens with different RHA replacement ratios and freeze-thaw cycles number of RHA concrete

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图 8 Menger海绵体模型

Figure 8. Model of Menger sponge

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图 9 $ \mathrm{l}\mathrm{g}(1-V) $和$ \mathrm{l}\mathrm{g}({l}_{k}/L) $关系曲线

1–V—Residual relative volume of sample; l_k/L—Ratio of the aperture to the maximum aperture at the corresponding pressure

Figure 9. Relationship between $ \mathrm{l}\mathrm{g}(1-V) $ and $ \mathrm{l}\mathrm{g}({l}_{k}/L) $

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图 10 冻融循环前后不同稻壳灰取代率的RHA/NC试件的累计孔体积分布曲线

FTCS—Freeze-thaw cycle

Figure 10. Cumulative pore volume distribution curves of RHA/NC specimens with different replacement ratios before and after freeze-thaw cycles

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图 11 大孔和小孔径范围内$ \mathrm{l}\mathrm{g}(1-V) $和$ \mathrm{l}\mathrm{g}({l}_{k}/L) $的线性拟合关系：在冻融循环之前：(a) 0%RHA/NC；(c) 10%RHA/NC；(e) 30%RHA/NC；在冻融循环之后：(b) 0%RHA/NC；(d) 10%RHA/NC；(f) 30%RHA/NC

Figure 11. Line fitting relationship between lg(1–V) and lg($ {l}_{k} $/L) in great and small pore diameter range: Before the FTCS: (a) 0%RHA/NC; (c) 10%RHA/NC; (e) 30%RHA/NC; After the FTCS: (b) 0%RHA/NC; (d) 10%RHA/NC; (f) 30%RHA/NC

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图 12 不同稻壳灰取代率的RHA/NC试件冻融损伤劣化机制示意图

Figure 12. Schematic of freeze-thaw damage deterioration mechanism of RHA/NC specimens with different RHA replacement ratios

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表 1 水泥和RHA的化学组成和物理特性

Table 1. Chemical composition and physical properties of cement and RHA

Raw material	Chemical composition/wt%								BET surface area/(m²·g⁻¹)
Raw material	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	Fe₂O₃	K₂O	CaO	MgO	SO₃	Loss on ignition	BET surface area/(m²·g⁻¹)
Cement	21.07	4.91	3.78	0.59	65.36	1.43	2.45	4.52	1.723
RHA	92.08	0.11	0.05	3.50	0.78	0.49	0.92	1.83	8.604

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表 2 稻壳灰混凝土(RHA/NC)配合比及28天抗压强度

Table 2. Mix proportions and 28 days compressive strength of rice husk ash concrete (RHA/NC)

Notation	Mix proportion/(kg·m⁻³)						W/B	28 d compressive strength/MPa
Notation	Cement	RHA	Sand	NA	Water	SP	W/B	28 d compressive strength/MPa
0%RHA/NC	390	0	820	1085	156	8.5	0.40	53.9
10%RHA/NC	351	39	820	1085	156	9.2	0.40	57.6
20%RHA/NC	312	78	820	1085	156	11.5	0.40	59.2
30%RHA/NC	273	117	820	1085	156	12.0	0.40	51.6
Notes: NA—Natural aggregate; SP—Super plasticizer; 0%RHA/NC—Ordinary concrete; 10%RHA/NC, 20%RHA/NC, 30%RHA/NC—Concrete with the RHA replacement ratio of 10%, 20% and 30% by equal mass; W/B—Water-to-binder ratio.

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表 3 混凝土中的孔结构参数及统计指标

Table 3. Pore structure parameter and statistical indicators of concrete

Sample		Demarcation point/nm	Great pore			Small pore			R_MSE
Sample		Demarcation point/nm	Slope	Fractal dimension	Correlation	Slope	Fractal dimension	Correlation	R_MSE
Before the FTCS	0%RHA/NC	204.59	0.0042	2.9958	0.98	0.0081	2.9919	0.99	0.0042
	10%RHA/NC	65.36	0.0027	2.9973	0.99	0.0126	2.9874	0.99	0.0003
	30%RHA/NC	66.04	0.0031	2.9969	0.99	0.0188	2.9812	0.99	0.0005
After the FTCS	0%RHA/NC	291.93	0.0024	2.9976	0.95	0.0107	2.9893	0.99	0.0008
	10%RHA/NC	67.87	0.0054	2.9946	0.99	0.0120	2.9880	0.99	0.0009
	30%RHA/NC	82.76	0.0055	2.9945	0.99	0.0133	2.9867	0.99	0.0008
Note: R_MSE—Root mean square error.

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