基于外力诱导取向的高导热聚合物基复合材料研究进展

陈海斌; 陈瑞; 刘美琪; 胡艳; 黄昭雯; 陈大柱

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20210925.001

基于外力诱导取向的高导热聚合物基复合材料研究进展

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20210925.001

深圳大学　材料学院，深圳 518055

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(51873108；21908091)；深圳市基础研究计划(JCYJ20180305124237416)

详细信息

通讯作者:
陈大柱，博士，教授，博士生导师，研究方向为高分子复合材料　 E-mail：dzchen@szu.edu.cn

中图分类号: TB332
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-07-19
- 修回日期: 2021-09-13
- 录用日期: 2021-09-13
- 网络出版日期: 2021-09-26
- 刊出日期: 2022-04-01

Research progress of force-induced oriented highly thermally conductive polymer composites

College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China

摘要

摘要: 随着半导体制备技术的快速发展，小型化和集成化是电子设备发展的趋势，散热能力成了制约电子元器件发展的关键因素，对热界面和封装材料的导热性能提出了更高的要求。导热填料与聚合物基体之间简单的共混难以实现低填充量下的高导热性。填料的取向有助于实现各向异性的热导率和降低导热逾渗阈值，因此如何在聚合物基体中构筑导热填料的取向结构从而在低填充量下形成高效导热网络正成为导热材料研究和关注的热点。在促使导热填料特别是非球形特征(片状、棒状或纤维状等)的填料定向排列过程中，外力起着至关重要的作用。本文按照诱发导热填料取向的主要驱动力进行分类，综述了近5年运用磁场诱导、电场诱导和机械力诱导等方法制备各向异性高导热聚合物基复合材料的最新技术和研究进展，重点介绍了外力作用下导热填料取向的形成条件、机制和构效关系，分析了不同方法的特色及优缺点，指出了目前在制备取向结构上存在的瓶颈，并对导热聚合物基复合材料的未来发展方向进行了展望，为低填充、高导热和各向异性复合材料的开发和应用提供参考。
- 聚合物基复合材料 /
- 导热网络 /
- 诱导取向 /
- 各向异性 /
- 导热性能
Abstract: With the rapid development of semiconductor manufacturing technology, the miniaturization and integration of electronic equipment make the heat dissipation becoming a key factor restricting the development of electronic components, and higher requirements have been placed on the thermal conductivity of thermal interface and packaging materials. Simple blending between thermally conductive filler and polymer matrix is difficult to achieve high thermal conductivity at low filling levels. Orientation of thermally conductive fillers in polymer matrix is favorable for achieving anisotropic thermal conductivity and reducing the thermally conductive permeation threshold, therefore, how to construct an oriented structure of thermally conductive filler in the polymer matrix to form an efficient thermally conductive network at low filling levels is becoming a research hotspot. In the process of promoting the orientation of thermally conductive fillers, especially fillers with nonspherical characteristics (flaky, rod-shaped or fibrous, etc.), external force plays a vital role. This article is classified according to the main driving forces that induce the orientation of thermally conductive fillers, and summarizes the latest technology and research progress in the preparation of anisotropic polymer matrix composites with high thermal conductivity, using magnetic field induction, electric field induction and mechanical force induction in the past 5 years. The conditions, mechanism of forming oriented structure of conducting filler under the action of external forces, and the structure-property relationship are mainly introduced. The characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of each method are analyzed. The bottlenecks in constructing an oriented structure of thermally conductive filler in the polymer matrix are analyzed simultaneously so far. Finally, the future development direction of thermally conductive polymer composites is forecasted. This review provides a reference for the development and application of highly thermally conductive, anisotropic polymer composites at a low filler loading level.
- polymer-matrix composites /
- thermally conductive network /
- induced orientation /
- anisotropy /
- thermally conductive performance

HTML全文

图 1 垂直取向氮化硼(BN)-Fe₃O₄/SiC-Fe₃O₄/环氧树脂(EP)复合材料制备示意图^[9]

Figure 1. Fabrication procedure of vertically aligned filler boron nitride (BN)-Fe₃O₄/SiC-Fe₃O₄/epoxy (EP) composite^[9]

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图 2 垂直取向FeCo-氮化硼纳米片(BNNS)/聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)复合材料断面SEM图像^[11]

Figure 2. SEM image of FeCo-boron nitride nanosheets (BNNS)/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composite film with vertically aligned hBN structure^[11]

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图 3 取向 (a) 和随机分布 (b) 的石墨烯纳米片(GNPs)/聚苯乙烯(PS)复合材料制备示意图^[18]

Figure 3. Preparation diagram for oriented (a) and random (b) graphene nanosheets (GNPs)/polystyrene (PS) composites^[18]

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图 4 垂直于纤维方向 (a) 和平行于纤维方向 ((b)~(c)) 聚乙烯醇(PVA)/BNNS/PDMS复合材料的SEM图像^[19]

Figure 4. SEM images of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/BNNS/PDMS composites with section perpendicular to fiber direction (a) and parallel to fiber direction ((b)-(c))^[19]

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图 5 垂直取向的碳纤维(VACF)支架制备示意图及其宏观和显微图像^[20]

Figure 5. Preparation of the vertically aligned carbon fiber (VACF) scaffold and macro-micrograph^[20]

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图 6 实验装置及应用电场制备聚苯胺(PANI)纳米纤维/PVDF薄膜示意图^[21]

Figure 6. Experimental setup of electric field device and schematic of the application of electric field on polyaniline (PANI)-nanofiber/PVDF membranes^[21]

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图 7 电场诱导前后BN/聚氨酯丙烯酸酯(PUA)和BN-TiO₂/PUA复合材料的XRD图谱^[22]

Figure 7. XRD patterns of BN/polyurethane acrylate (PUA) composite and BN-TiO₂/PUA composite before and after electric field alignment^[22]

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图 8 BNNS/聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)薄膜制备示意图^[28]

Figure 8. Preparation process of BNNS/polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film^[28]

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图 9 六方结构的氮化硼(hBN)/热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)复合材料薄膜制备过程示意图^[35]

Figure 9. Schematic illustration of the fabrication process for the hexagonal boron nitride (hBN)/thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) composite films^[35]

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图 10 石墨烯网络(VAIGNs)结构制备示意图^[42]

Figure 10. Schematic illustration of forming the graphene network (VAIGNs)^[42]

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图 11 不同填料含量碳纤维(CF)泡沫的微观结构：(a) 6.0vol%；(b) 8.0vol%；(c) 10.8vol%；(d) 12.8vol%；((e)~(h)) 对应复合材料断面^[44]

Figure 11. Microstructures of carbon fiber (CF) foam with different filler loadings: (a) 6.0vol%; (b) 8.0vol%; (c) 10.8vol%; (d) 12.8vol%; ((e)-(h)) Corresponding cross section of composites^[44]

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图 12 BN/EP复合材料制备示意图^[47]

Figure 12. Schematic diagram of the preparation of BN/EP composites^[47]

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图 13 自然珍珠母 ((a)~(c)) 和NF-BNNSs/PVA复合纸张((d)~(f)) 的断面及表面SEM图像^[48]

Figure 13. SEM cross-sectional and surface images of natural nacre ((a)-(c)) and NF-BNNSs/PVA paper ((d)-(f))^[48]

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