Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@PANI-PG硼吸附剂的制备、表征及其吸附性能

乐云龙; 关云山; 鲍郁瑞; 马晓娜; 张卫东

Fe₃O₄@PANI-PG硼吸附剂的制备、表征及其吸附性能

青海大学　化工学院, 西宁810016

基金项目: 国家自然基金-联合基金项目(U20A20149)；青海大学大学生创新创业训练计划项目(2021-QX-16)

详细信息

通讯作者:
关云山，博士，教授，研究方向为盐湖资源综合利用　E-mail:qh-gys@163.com

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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-09-21
- 修回日期: 2022-10-26
- 录用日期: 2022-10-29
- 网络出版日期: 2022-11-18
- 刊出日期: 2023-08-15

Preparation, characterization, adsorption performance and mechanism of Fe₃O₄@PANI-PG boron adsorbent

College of Chemical Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China

Funds: National Natural Fund - Joint Fund Project(U20A20149); Qinghai University College Students' Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(2021-QX-16)

摘要

摘要: 基于磁性分离原理，设计并制备了一种磁性多元醇硼吸附剂，有效解决了传统吸附剂与水相分离困难问题。首先，以苯胺为单体，采用原位聚合反应在自制的磁性Fe₃O₄纳米颗粒表面包裹了一层聚苯胺(PANI)，然后通过缩水甘油与聚苯胺末端活性胺基开环反应，制备了一种核壳结构的多元醇硼吸附剂：Fe₃O₄@PANI-PG；采用SEM、TEM、EDS、XRD、XPS和FT-IR等表征方法对材料的微观形貌、结构、组成及官能团进行了表征。其次，通过单因素实验考察了吸附时间、硼酸初始浓度、pH等因素对其硼吸附性能的影响，在此基础上采用响应面法优化得到了吸附最佳条件：时间t=10 h，初始浓度C₀=1309 mg/L，pH=9.93；和相应最佳吸附量：Q_e=0.1181 mmol/g。此外，通过吸附动力学及吸附等温式拟合，研究发现该吸附剂对硼吸附过程符合准二级吸附动力学和Langmuir等温吸附模型。最后对其吸附机理进行探究，研究发现：该吸附剂末端邻位羟基与水相中的B(OH)⁴⁻发生络合反应形成了稳定的五元环螯合物。
- 磁性纳米粒子 /
- 硼吸附剂 /
- 核壳结构 /
- 响应面法 /
- 聚苯胺 /
- 缩水甘油
Abstract: In this paper, the traditional difficult problem of separation between adsorbent and water phase was effectively solved by a kind of magnetic polyols boron adsorbent, which were designed and prepared based on the principle of magnetic separation. Firstly, the Fe₃O₄@PANI composites with core-shell structure were prepared by the in-situ polymerization reaction at the presence of aniline and Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles, which were prepared by ourselves. Then Fe₃O₄@PANI-PG boron adsorbent was successfully prepared by the ring-opening reaction between polyaniline terminal active —NH₂ and glycidyl. After that, the micro-structure, composition and functional groups were analyzed by the SEM, TEM, EDS, XRD, XPS and FT-IR, respectively. The adsorption time, initial concentration of boric acid, pH and other factors of Fe₃O₄@PANI-PG were investigated by the single factor experiment. On this basis, the optimal adsorption conditions (time t=10 h, initial concentration C₀=1309 mg/L, pH=9.93) were obtained by response surface method, and the corresponding optimal adsorption capacity up to Q_e=0.1181 mmol/g. In addition, it was found that the adsorption process was in accordance with the quasi-second-order adsorption kinetics and Langmuir adsorption isotherm based on the adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherm fitting. Finally, the adsorption mechanism of Fe₃O₄@PANI-PG was explored and the results indicating the complex reaction between the hydroxyl group at the end of the adsorbent and B(OH)₄⁻ in the aqueous phase formed a stable five-membered ring chelate.
- Magnetic nanoparticles /
- Boron adsorbent /
- Core-shell structure /
- Response surface method /
- Polyaniline /
- Glycidol

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图 1 Fe₃O₄@PANI-PG的合成过程

Figure 1. Synthesis process of Fe₃O₄@PANI-PG

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图 2 硼酸标准曲线

Figure 2. Standard curve of boric acid

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图 3 (a) Fe₃O₄的SEM图像；(b) Fe₃O₄@PANI-PG的SEM图像；(c) Fe₃O₄@PANI-PG的EDS图像

Figure 3. (a) SEM image of Fe₃O₄; (b) SEM image of Fe₃O₄@PANI-PG; (c) EDS image of Fe₃O₄@PANI-PG

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图 4 Fe₃O₄@PANI-PG在不同放大倍数下的TEM图像

Figure 4. TEM images of Fe₃O₄@PANI-PG at different magnifications

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图 5 Fe₃O₄@PANI-PG的XRD图谱以及与之相对应的PDF卡片图谱

Figure 5. XRD patterns of Fe₃O₄@PANI-PG and corresponding PDF card patterns

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图 6 Fe₃O₄@PANI-PG的红外光谱图

Figure 6. FTIR spectrum of Fe₃O₄@PANI-PG

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图 7 Fe₃O₄@PANI-PG的XPS光谱： (a) 全谱；(b) N 1s；(c) O 1s；C 1s；Fe 2p

Figure 7. XPS spectrum of Fe₃O₄@PANI-PG: (a) full spectrum; (b) N 1s; (c) O 1s; C 1s; Fe 2p

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图 8 pH对Fe₃O₄@PANI-PG的单位硼吸附量的影响

Figure 8. Effect of pH on boron adsorption per unit of Fe₃O₄@PANI-PG

q_e—Equilibrium adsorption capacity

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图 9 Fe₃O₄@PANI-PG对硼酸的吸附等温式拟合

Figure 9. Fe₃O₄@PANI-PG isothermal fitting of boric acid adsorption

Q_e—Equilibrium adsorption capacity; C_e—Solution boron concentration at adsorption equilibrium;

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图 10 (a)时间对Fe₃O₄@PANI-PG的单位硼吸附量的影响；(b) Fe₃O₄@PANI-PG的准一级和准二级吸附动力学模型

Figure 10. (a) Effect of time on boron adsorption per unit of Fe₃O₄@PANI-PG; (b) Quasi-first-order and quasi-second-order adsorption kinetic models for Fe₃O₄@PANI-PG

q—Adsorption capacity at time t; t—Adsorption time

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图 11 各因素交互作用 (a) t 和 C₀ (pH=9); (b) t 和C₀ (pH=10); (c) t和 C₀ (pH=11); (d) pH 和 t (C₀=1200 mg); (e) pH 和 t (C₀=1300 mg); (f) pH和 t (C₀=1400 mg); (g) pH和C₀ (t=6 h); (h) pH和 C₀ (t=8 h); (i) pH和 C₀ (t=10 h) 对Fe₃O₄@PANI-PG单位硼吸附量的影响

Figure 11. Interaction of all factors (a) t and C₀ (pH=9); (b) t and C₀ (pH=10); (c) t and C₀ (pH=11); (d) pH and t (C₀=1200 mg); (e) pH and t (C₀=1300 mg); (f) pH and t (C₀=1400 mg); (g) pH and C₀ (t=6 h); (h) pH and C₀ (t=8 h); (I) Effects of pH and C₀ (t=10 h) on Fe₃O₄@PANI-PG unit boron adsorption

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图 12 Fe₃O₄@PANI-PG对硼的吸附机制

Figure 12. Adsorption mechanism of Fe₃O₄@PANI-PG on boron

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表 1 Langmuir和Freundlich方程对Fe₃O₄@PANI-PG吸附等温线的拟合参数

Table 1. Fitting parameters of Langmuir and Freundlich equations to Fe₃O₄@PANI-PG adsorption isotherms

Models and parameters	Langmuir			Freundlich
	$\dfrac{{{C_{\text{e}}}}}{{{Q_{\text{e}}}}} = \dfrac{1}{{{Q_{\text{m}}}{K_{\text{L}}}}} + \dfrac{{{C_{\text{e}}}}}{{{Q_{\text{m}}}}}$			$\lg {Q_{\text{e}}} = \lg {K_{\text{F}}} + \dfrac{1}{n}\lg {C_{\text{e}}}$
	K_L	Q_m	R²	K_F	n	R²
Value	0.00118	0.1877	0.99241	0.00102	1.4952	0.98101
Note：Q_e—Equilibrium adsorption capacity; Q_m—Maximum adsorption capacity; K_L—Adsorption coefficient of Langmuir; C_e—Solution boron concentration at adsorption equilibrium; K_F—Adsorption coefficient of Freundlich.

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表 2 Fe₃O₄@PANI-PG吸附硼的动力学模型拟合参数

Table 2. Parameters of kinetic model fitting for Fe₃O₄@PANI-PG adsorbed boron

Models and parameters	Pseudo-first-order kinetics model			Pseudo-second order kinetic model
	${\text{ln}}({q_{\text{e}}} - q) = {\text{ln}}{q_{\text{e}}} - {k_{\text{1}}}t$			$\dfrac{t}{q} = \dfrac{1}{{{k_{\text{2}}}\cdot{q_{\text{e}}}^2}} + \dfrac{t}{{{q_{\text{e}}}}}$
	k₁	q_e	R²	k₂	q_e	R²
Value	0.44211	0.1160	0.9802	1.7574	0.1577	0.9975
Note：q_e—Equilibrium adsorption capacity; q—Adsorption capacity at time t; t—Adsorption time; k₁—Pseudo- first order adsorption rate constant；k₂—Pseudo-second order adsorption rate constant.

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表 3 各影响因素与水平

Table 3. Influencing factors and levels

factor	Symbol	unit	level
factor	Symbol	unit	−1	0	1
t	A	h	6	8	10
C₀	B	mg/L	1200	1300	1400
pH	C	－	9	10	11
Response value	Q_e	mmol/g
Note：Q_e—adsorption capacity; C₀—Boric acid concentration.

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表 4 Fe₃O₄@PANI-PG吸附硼酸条件的优化——Box-Behnken试验结果与分析

Table 4. Optimization of conditions for Fe₃O₄@PANI-PG to adsorb boric acid results and analysis of Box-Behnken test

Number	A	B	C	Q_e
1	10	1300	9	0.11224
2	6	1400	10	0.1001
3	6	1300	11	0.09708
4	8	1300	10	0.11417
5	10	1300	11	0.11038
6	8	1300	10	0.11409
7	10	1200	10	0.11143
8	6	1300	9	0.09924
9	8	1400	9	0.10315
10	6	1200	10	0.09824
11	8	1400	11	0.10157
12	8	1200	11	0.09919
13	8	1300	10	0.11415
14	10	1400	10	0.11357
15	8	1200	9	0.10162
16	8	1300	10	0.11415
17	8	1300	10	0.11408

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表 5 响应面试验结果方差分析

Table 5. Variance analysis of response surface test results

Source	SS	df	MS	F-value	P-value	Significance
Modle	0.0008	9	0.0001	25359.34	<0.0001	significant
A-time	0.0004	1	0.0004	103529.48	<0.0001	significant
B-C	7.821 E-06	1	7.821 E-06	2309.52	<0.0001	significant
C-pH	8.060 E-06	1	8.060 E-6	2380.12	<0.0001	significant
AB	1.960 E-08	1	1.960 E-08	5.79	0.0471	significant
AC	2.250 E-08	1	2.250 E-08	6.64	<0.0366	significant
BC	1.806 E-07	1	1.806 E-07	53.34	0.0002	significant
A²	0.0000	1	0.0000	7587.11	<0.0001	significant
B²	0.0001	1	0.0001	42155.16	<0.0001	significant
C²	0.0002	1	0.0002	59587.03	<0.0001	significant
Residual	2.371 E-08	7	3.386 E-09
Lack of Fit	1.723 E-08	3	5.742 E-09	3.54	0.1266	not significant
Pure Error	6.480 E-09	4	1.620 E-09
Cor Total	0.008	16
C.V. %=5.44%	R²=99.99%	Adjust R²=99.98%		Predicted R²=99.96%
Note：SS—Sum of squares; df—Degrees of freedom; MS—Mean square.

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