Research progress in flame retardants for glass fiber reinforced polyamide composites
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摘要: 玻璃纤维增强聚酰胺(GF/PA)复合材料因其优异独特的性能特点，在众多领域展示出巨大的应用潜力。然而，GF/PA复合材料固有的易燃属性限制了其在接触火源或高温环境的应用。因此，开发阻燃GF/PA复合材料对于确保其在关键应用中的安全性和可靠性至关重要。在GF/PA中添加阻燃剂是提高复合材料阻燃性能操作最为简单且工业上应用最广泛的一种方法，随着环保要求的提高与相关法律法规的逐步完善， GF/PA用阻燃剂的发展越来越注重无卤、低挥发性有机物(VOC)和低毒性的特性。基于此，本文综述了近年来阻燃GF/PA复合材料所使用阻燃剂的研究进展，并通过典型研究案例探讨了阻燃剂的阻燃机制与阻燃效果。此外，本文总结了GF/PA复合材料用阻燃剂的现状，并对其发展方向进行了展望，为无卤阻燃复合材料领域的研究者提供参考。Abstract: Glass fiber reinforced polyamide (GF/PA) composites have shown great application potential in many fields because of their excellent and unique properties. However, the inherent flammable nature of GF/PA composites limits their applications in contact with fire sources or high temperature environments. Therefore, the development of flame retardant GF/PA composites is essential for ensuring their fire safety and reliability in critical applications. Adding flame retardants into GF/PA is the simplest and most widely used method to improve the flame retardant performance of composite materials. With the improvement of environmental protection requirements and the gradual improvement of environmental protection laws and regulations, more attention will be paid on the characteristics of halogen-free, low volatile organic compounds (VOC) and low toxicity conforming to the development trend of GF/PA flame retardants. Based on this, the research progress of flame retardants used in GF/PA composites in recent years is reviewed in this paper, and the flame retardant mechanism and effect of flame retardants are proposed through typical researches. In addition, the current situation of flame retardants for GF/PA composites is summarized, and the future development direction is prospected, so as to provide a reference for researchers in the field of halogen-free flame retardant composites.
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Key words:
- glass fiber /
- polyamide /
- nylon /
- composite material /
- flame retardant
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图 1 聚合物的燃烧机制与燃烧四面体示意图
Figure 1. Schematic illustration of the polymer combustion mechanism and the typical fire tetrahedron
图 2 卤系阻燃剂在GF/PA中的阻燃机制
Figure 2. Flame retardant mechanism of halogenated flame retardant (HX) in GF/PA
图 3 阻燃剂AHP (a)和APP (b)的分子结构
Figure 3. Molecular structures of AHP (a) and APP (b) flame retardants
图 4 阻燃剂MPP (a)和MCA (b)的分子结构
Figure 4. Molecular structures of MPP (a) and MCA(b) flame retardants
图 10 DOPO (a)及其衍生物DOPO-SiO2(b)、DOPO-HQ(c)、DOPO-Zn(d)的分子结构
Figure 10. Molecular structures of DOPO(a) and its derivatives including DOPO-SiO2(b), DOPO-HQ(c), DOPO-Zn(d)
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