Effect of different dimensions of ZnO on the electrical properties of MMT-SiC/EP micro-nano composites
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摘要:
聚合物因其优异的绝缘性能被广泛应用于航天器介质中，在航天器上使用具有非线性电导特性的绝缘材料可以降低或消除高能电子积聚，防止局部击穿，造成绝缘失效。现阶段具有非线性电导特性的复合材料主要制备方式为在环氧树脂基体中加入半导电无机填料，常用的半导电无机填料有微米氧化锌和碳化硅等。但是在环氧树脂中单一的加入碳化硅颗粒对于材料非线性的调控，已经无法满足现阶段的要求。研究发现在SiC/EP微米复合材料中添加二维片层状MMT，可以有效提高复合材料的非线性系数，但是随着MMT含量的增加，复合材料的电导率逐渐下降，阈值场强逐渐增大，介电损耗逐渐增大。因此想要在MMT-SiC/EP微纳米复合材料中继续添加零维或者一维的纳米材料，通过不同维度纳米材料之间的协同效应，提高复合体系内部的界面重叠率，促进载流通道的构建，对复合材料的非线性电导特性起到调控的作用。目前，在非线性微纳米复合材料研究中，很少有将一维、二维、三维纳米材料两两混合共同加入复合材料中，探究复合材料的电学性能。因此研究不同维度之间的协同效应对于非线性电导特性及其它电学性能的影响对环氧树脂基非线性材料的理论研究和工程应用有着重要的意义。本文以环氧树脂为基体，微米SiC、二维片层状MMT、零维颗粒状ZnO、一维T-ZnOw，制备了SiC/EP微米复合材料、MMT-SiC/EP微纳米复合材料、ZnO-MMT-SiC/EP微纳米复合材料和T-ZnOw-MMT-SiC/EP微纳米复合材料。通过X射线衍射实验表征了MMT有机改性的效果。通过SEM和EDS表征了无机填料在基体中的分散和界面重叠状况。测试了复合材料的导电性、击穿和介电性能。结果表明，在MMT-SiC/EP复合体系中添加一维T-ZnOw比零维颗粒状ZnO，可以更加有效增加体系中界面重合率，更加容易在复合材料内部构成良好的载流通路，能够在有效降低复合材料的阈值场强，提高复合材料的电导率和非线性系数，使得复合材料具备优越非线性电导特性的同时，不仅可以保证击穿场强不会太低，还可以降低复合材料的相对介电常数和介质损耗角正切值。 微纳米复合材料载流子传输通道示意图 电导率 非线性系数 Abstract: Nonlinear conductivity dielectric is widely used today to solve high energy discharge problems in many fields (such as spacecraft charging and motor insulation). In this paper, we optimize the nonlinear conductivity properties and other electrical properties of the composites by continuing the addition of zero- or one-dimensional ZnO to the micro-nano composite systems containing micron SiC and montmorillonite (MMT). The layer spacing before and after the organic modification of MMT was characterized by X-ray diffractometry. The dispersion of each filler inside the composite and the interfacial state were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Conductivity, breakdown, and dielectric spectroscopy tests were performed on the composites to investigate the pattern of influence of the dimensionality of the nanofillers on the electrical properties. The experimental results showed that the addition of one-dimensional T-ZnOw was more effective than zero-dimensional granular ZnO in the MMT-SiC/EP composite system. Thus, the same content of T-ZnOw can increase the interfacial recombination rate in the composite system and constitute the conductive pathway more effectively. Improved nonlinear conductivity properties of the composite. Moreover, T-ZnOw also ensures stable breakdown field strength of the composite material and reduces the relative permittivity and dielectric loss angle tangent values. -
图 4 蒙脱土(MMT)有机化处理前后的XRD曲线图
Figure 4. XRD curves of montmorillonite (MMT) before and after organic treatment
图 6 ZnO-MMT-SiC/EP试样的SEM断面图和EDS元素能谱图
Figure 6. SEM cross-sectional and EDS elemental mapping of ZnO-MMT-SiC/EP specimens.
图 7 T-ZnOw-MMT-SiC/EP试样的SEM断面图和EDS元素能谱图
Figure 7. SEM cross-sectional and EDS elemental mapping of T-ZnOw-MMT-SiC/EP specimens.
图 8 微纳米复合材料载流子的传输通道示意图
Figure 8. Schematic diagram of the carrier transport path of micro-nano composites
图 9 不同类型微纳米复合材料的非线性电导特性
Figure 9. Nonlinear conductivity properties of different types of micro-nano composites
图 10 不同微纳米复合材料击穿场强的Weibull曲线
Figure 10. Weibull curves of the breakdown field strength of different micro-nano composites
图 11 复合材料的相对介电常数与介电损耗随频率的变化
Figure 11. Distribution of relative permittivity and dielectric loss of composite materials with frequency
表 1 复合材料试样的编号和配比
Table 1. Numbering and proportioning of composite specimens
NO. Specimen Proportion/g 1 SiC/EP 100/100 2 MMT-SiC/EP 1/100/100 3 ZnO-MMT-SiC/EP 9/1/100/100 4 T-ZnOw-MMT-SiC/EP 9/1/100/100 
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