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煤焦油沥青对SiO界面改性增强锂离子电池循环稳定性

赵方正 张海永 栗彧君 栾晨晖 张玉坤 李刚 王永刚

赵方正, 张海永, 栗彧君, 等. 煤焦油沥青对SiO界面改性增强锂离子电池循环稳定性[J]. 复合材料学报, 2025, 42(1): 7034-7046.
引用本文: 赵方正, 张海永, 栗彧君, 等. 煤焦油沥青对SiO界面改性增强锂离子电池循环稳定性[J]. 复合材料学报, 2025, 42(1): 7034-7046.
ZHAO Fangzheng, ZHANG Haiyong, LI Yujun, et al. Coal tar pitch pitch modification of the SiO interface enhances the cycling stability of lithium-ion batteries[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica, 2025, 42(1): 7034-7046.
Citation: ZHAO Fangzheng, ZHANG Haiyong, LI Yujun, et al. Coal tar pitch pitch modification of the SiO interface enhances the cycling stability of lithium-ion batteries[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica, 2025, 42(1): 7034-7046.

煤焦油沥青对SiO界面改性增强锂离子电池循环稳定性

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(21506251)
详细信息
    通讯作者:

    王永刚,博士,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为煤炭化学加工和新型碳材料制备E-mali address: wyg1960@126.com

  • 中图分类号: TB332

Coal tar pitch pitch modification of the SiO interface enhances the cycling stability of lithium-ion batteries

Funds: National Natural Science Foundation of China(21506251)
  • 摘要: 煤焦油沥青具有高碳含量、可调控性和经济性等优点,在制备碳材料和碳复合材料中具有广泛的应用前景。采用沥青对一氧化硅界面改性是抑制一氧化硅自身的膨胀、提升首次库伦效率和循环稳定性的有效策略。为改善沥青与基体材料间的结合性能,本研究采用添加黏结剂的方式制备负极材料。首先,通过空气交联低温条件下制备高软化点、高结焦值的改性沥青。以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为黏结剂,浸润结合一氧化硅和改性沥青,制备得到前驱体(SiO@PVP@pitch)。通过原位聚合,将改性沥青转化为中间相沥青,然后高温炭化得到SiO/C复合材料,使碳涂层有一定的机械强度又具备导电性。偏光显微镜结果表明碳涂层良好的流线型结构,纤维更加细腻。高分辨透射电子显微镜( HRTEM )结果表明,SiO表面存在厚度约为90 - 100 nm的含有石墨晶格的碳包覆层。SiO和改性沥青按照5∶3比例下在400 ℃和900 ℃的温度条件下聚合和炭化,复合材料表现出优异的电化学性能,在0.5 A/g电流密度下具有550 mA·h/g的高比容量,可逆比容量660 mA·h/g,200次循环后比容量保持率为83.33 %,在1.5 A/g电流密度下的比容量为472.8 mA·h/g。电化学阻抗谱( EIS )结果也证明了碳包覆层可以有效提高复合材料的导电性,从而增强SiO电极的循环稳定性。

     

  • 图  1  改性沥青偏光显微镜图像

    Figure  1.  Polarizing microscope image of modified pitch

    图  2  SiO/C复合材料的制备过程和微观结构特征示意图。

    Figure  2.  The schematic diagram of the preparation process and microstructure characteristics of SiO/C composites.

    图  3  复合材料的XRD图和拉曼光谱图: (a) XRD 图, (b) 拉曼光谱图

    Figure  3.  XRD and Raman spectra of the composites: (a) XRD, (b) Raman spectra

    图  4  复合材料的偏光显微图像: (a) SiO/C - 5∶3 - 0 h复合材料偏光显微镜图像(b) SiO/C - 5∶3 - 4 h复合材料偏光显微镜图像

    Figure  4.  Polarizing microscope images of SiO/C-5∶3 - 0 h composites: (a) Polarizing microscope images of SiO/C -5∶3 - 0 h composites (b) Polarizing microscope images of SiO/C-5∶3 - 4 h composites

    图  5  SiO/C - 5∶3 - 4 h的高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)图像(a)、(b)和(c)为不同放大倍数下的高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)图像(d)、(e)和(f)为碳涂层的厚度 (g) TEM - Mapping图像

    Figure  5.  High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images (a), (b), and (c) are high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images at different magnifications (d), (e) and (f) are the thickness of the carbon coating (g) TEM-Mapping images of SiO/C - 5∶3 - 4 h

    图  6  SiO/C的XPS 图样:(a)元素组成 (b) O 1s、(c) N 1s、(d) C 1s和 (e) Si 2p 高分辨率图样

    Figure  6.  XPS patterns of SiO /C (a) elemental composition (b) O 1s, (c) N 1s, (d) C 1s, and (e) Si 2p high-resolution patterns

    图  7  SiO/C复合材料热重分析图

    Figure  7.  Thermogravimetric analysis of SiO/C composite materials

    图  8  复合材料电化学性能图 (a)-(b) SiO/C - 5∶3 - 4 h复合材料和SiO CV曲线,电压范围为0.01 - 1.8 V,扫描速率为0.1 mV·s−1;(c) - (d) SiO/C - 5∶3 - 4 h复合材料和SiO在第1个、第2个、第3个、第100个和第200个循环的充放电电压曲线。

    Figure  8.  Electrochemical performance of SiO/C-5∶3-4 h composite material. (a) CV curve of SiO/C - 5∶3 - 4 h composite material, the voltage range is 0.01-1.8 V, and the scanning rate is 0.1 mV·s−1. The charge and discharge voltage curves of (c) - (d) SiO/C - 5∶3 - 4 h composites and SiO at the 1st, 2 nd, 3 rd, 100 th and 200 th cycles.

    图  9  复合材料电化学性能图 (a)SiO/C复合材料在 0.5 A/g电流密度下的循环性能(b)SiO/C复合材料在不同电流密度下的倍率性能。

    Figure  9.  (a) Cycle performance of SiO/C composites at 0.5 A/g current density (b) Rate performance of SiO/C composites at different current densities.

    图  10  SiO/C - 5∶3 - 4 h和SiO/C - 5∶3 - 0 h复合材料的长循环性能图。

    Figure  10.  The long cycle performance of SiO/C-5∶3 - 4 h and SiO/C-5∶3-0 h composites.

    图  11  奈奎斯特图和相应的等效电路模型EIS图谱(a) SiO/C复合材料阻抗(b) SiO循环前后阻抗(c) SiO/C - 5∶3 - 4 h循环前后阻抗

    Figure  11.  Nyquist diagram and EIS diagram of the corresponding equivalent circuit model (a) Impedance of SiO/C composites (b) Impedance before and after SiO cycling (c) Impedance before and after SiO/C - 5∶3 - 4 h cycling

    图  12  SiO和SiO/C - 5∶3 - 4 h复合材料循环前和200个循环后的电极的体积变化的SEM图像(a) SiO循环前(b) SiO循环后(c) SiO/C - 5∶3 - 4 h循环前(d) SiO/C - 5∶3 - 4 h循环后

    Figure  12.  SEM images of volume change of SiO and SiO/C-5∶3 - 4 h composite electrode before and after 200 cycles (a) before SiO cycle (b) after SiO cycle (c) before SiO/C-5∶3 - 4 h cycle (d) after SiO/C-5∶3 - 4 h cycle

    表  1  改性沥青的制备条件

    Table  1.   Preparation conditions of modified pitch

    Air purge air volume/(L min−1) soaking time/h The heating rate of different temperature stages/(℃min−1)
    25℃ - 100℃ 100℃- 290℃ 290℃ - 320℃
    1 10 5 3 1
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  原料沥青与改性煤沥青的特性和元素分析对比表

    Table  2.   Characteristics and elemental analysis comparison table of raw pitch and modified coal tar pitch

    Sp/℃ CV/% pitch analysis/% elementary analysis/%
    HS HI-TS TI-QS QI N C H S O
    Pitch 31 32 30.98 53.03 18.55 0.031 1.145 92.474 4.979 0.356 1.046
    Modified pitch 240 80 10.77 12.37 63.85 13 1.21 92.671 4.303 0.145 2.04
    Note:(1) Organic element analysis was based on air drying, and O content was calculated by subtraction method.(2) Softening point (SP) was measured by thermal mechanical analyzer;(3) Coking value (CV) was determined by ' GB/T 8727-2008 determination method of the coking value of coal tar pitch products ';(4) HS and HI-TS were measured by soxhlet extraction, where HS is n-hexane soluble, HI-TS is n-hexane insoluble-toluene soluble;(5) TI-QS is toluene insoluble-quinoline soluble, its content is the percentage minus HS, HI-TS, QI content;(6) QI content is determined by the national standard GB/T 2293-2019 quinoline insoluble test method for coking pitch products.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  SiO/C复合材料中SiO和pitch的百分比及炭化条件

    Table  3.   Percentages of SiO and pitch in SiO/C composites and carbonization conditions

    composites materials pitch:SiO SiO content pitch content Polymerization Temperature/℃
    SiO/C -5∶3 - 4 h 5∶3 37.5 % 62.5 % 400℃-4 h 900℃ - 3 h
    SiO/C -5∶2 - 4 h 5∶2 28.5 % 71.5 % 400℃-4 h 900℃ - 3 h
    SiO/C - 5∶4 - 4 h 5∶4 44.4 % 55.56 % 400℃-4 h 900℃ - 3 h
    SiO/C -5∶3 - 0 h 5∶3 37.5 % 62.5 % 400℃-900℃ - 3 h
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2024-01-29
  • 修回日期:  2024-04-16
  • 录用日期:  2024-04-20
  • 网络出版日期:  2024-05-17
  • 刊出日期:  2025-01-15

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