用于CO<sub>2</sub>分离的IL/MOF三元混合基质膜进展

牟小轩; 张志恒; 李深奥; 郭炜豪; 王甫

用于CO₂分离的IL/MOF三元混合基质膜进展

宁波大学　海运学院, 宁波 315832

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金面上项目(52276010)

详细信息

通讯作者:
王甫，博士，特聘研究员，博士生导师，研究方向为：二氧化碳减排与资源化利用　E-mail: wangfu@nbu.edu.cn

中图分类号: TB331
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- 文章访问数: 32
- HTML全文浏览量: 28
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-08-14
- 修回日期: 2024-09-26
- 录用日期: 2024-10-12
- 网络出版日期: 2024-10-26

Development of IL/MOF ternary mixed matrix membrane for CO₂ separation

College of Maritime and Transportation, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China

Funds: National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.52276010)

摘要

摘要: 气体膜分离技术，作为实现碳中和的一种关键气体分离方法，在二氧化碳捕集领域取得了显著进展，混合基质膜(Mixed matrix membrane, MMM)结合了聚合物膜和多孔填料的优点，使其成为传统聚合物膜的有效替代品。然而，界面不相容性问题限制了MMM的气体分离性能。在膜分离技术中，通过引入第三种组分(通常是功能化添加剂)来制备的三元MMM，能够有效克服二元MMM在结构上存在的问题，并对膜的分离性能产生积极的影响。本综述聚焦于探讨离子液体(Ionic Liquid, IL)与金属有机框架(Metal-Organic Framework, MOF)作为高效填料共同用于三元相MMM的制备过程，深入分析了IL与MOF整合入MMM后所产生的协同效应，尤其是它们对提升膜材料机械稳定性和气体吸附性能方面的显著贡献。文中详细介绍了MMM中气体分离的传输机制，总结了IL/MOF复合材料的结构和制备工艺，并对三元相MMM的CO₂分离性能进行详尽的综述与分析。基于这些分离性能数据，进一步讨论了三元相MMM所面临的挑战，为未来膜分离技术的发展提供了新的思路和方向。
- 二氧化碳捕集 /
- 膜分离 /
- 混合基质膜 /
- 离子液体 /
- 金属有机框架
Abstract: Gas separation membrane technology, as a key gas separation method to achieve carbon neutrality, has made significant progress in the field of carbon dioxide capture, Mixed matrix membrane (MMM) combines the advantages of polymer membranes and porous fillers, making it an effective alternative to conventional polymer membranes. However, interface incompatibility issues limit MMM's gas separation performance. In Membrane separation technology, MMM prepared by introducing a third component (usually a functional additive) can effectively overcome the structural problems of binary phase MMM and have a positive impact on the separation performance of the membrane. This review focuses on the preparation process of ternary phase MMM using Ionic Liquid (IL) and Metal-Organic Framework (MOF) as high efficiency fillers, and further analyzes the synergistic effect of integrating IL and MOF into MMM. In particular, they contribute significantly to improving the mechanical stability and gas adsorption properties of membrane materials. In this paper, the transport mechanism of gas separation in MMM is introduced in detail, the structure and preparation process of IL/MOF composites are summarized, and the CO₂ separation performance of ternary phase MMM is reviewed and analyzed in detail. Based on these separation performance data, the challenges faced by ternary phase MMM are further discussed, which provides new ideas and directions for the development of membrane separation technology in the future.
- CO₂ capture /
- Membrane separation /
- Mixed matrix membrane /
- Ionic liquid /
- Metal-Organic Framework

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图 1 气体传输机制^[18]，(a)(致密膜)促进传递机制，(b)(致密膜)溶解-扩散机制，(c)(多孔膜) 努森扩散机制。

Figure 1. Gas transport mechanism^[18], (a) facilitated transport mechanism (dense film), (b) solution-diffusion mechanism (dense film), and (c) Knudsen diffusion mechanism (porous film).

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图 2 溶解-扩散过程示意图(a) 与膜接触的上游气体溶解到膜表面；(b) 由于浓度梯度，气体分子通过膜扩散；(c)气体分子通过膜以线性浓度梯度达到扩散平衡。

Figure 2. Dissolved - diffusion process diagram (a) contact with the membrane of upstream gas dissolves in the membrane surface; (b) Diffusion of gas molecules through membranes due to concentration gradients; (c) The diffusion equilibrium of gas molecules through the membrane is achieved in a linear concentration gradient.

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图 3 气体在(a)移动载体膜(b)固定载体膜内传递过程

Figure 3. Gas transfer process in (a) moving carrier film and (b) fixed carrier film

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图 4 多孔复合膜的不同扩散机制：(a)分子筛，(b)努森扩散，(c)毛细凝聚

Figure 4. Different diffusion mechanisms of porous composite membranes: (a) molecular sieve, (b) Knudsen diffusion, (c) capillary condensation

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图 5 离子液体(IL)/MOF复合材料合成中使用的不同的合成后浸渍^[34]方法的示意图：(a)湿法浸渍法^[35]，(b)毛细管作用法^[36]，(c)瓶中船法^[37]，(d)采用湿法浸渍合成 ABIL-OH@HKUST-1^[35]，(e)采用毛细管作用法合成的EMI-TFSA的结构^[41]，(f)合成限制在Cr-MIL-101纳米笼中的BAIL的示意图^[42]。

Figure 5. Schematic diagram of different post-synthetic impregnation methods used in Ionic Liquid (IL)/MOF composites synthesis^[34] : (a) wet impregnation method ^[35], (b) capillary action method ^[36], (c) ship in a bottle method ^[37], (d) wet impregnation method for ABIL-OH@HKUST-1^[35], (e) Structure of EMI-TFSA prepared by capillary action ^[41], (f) Schematic diagram of synthesized BAIL confined to Cr-MIL-101 nanoccages ^[42].

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图 6 共混法制备三元MMM示意图

Figure 6. Schematic diagram of preparation of ternary MMM by blending method

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图 7 常见MOF晶体结构示意图

Figure 7. Schematic diagram of common MOF crystal structures

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图 9 常见离子液体的分子式

Figure 9. Molecular formulas of common ionic liquids

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图 8 CO₂与Robeson上限(2008年)相比，不同含量的PSf和几种固定10 wt%填料的MMM在303.15 K时的纯气体渗透结果：(a) CO₂/CH₄及(b) CO₂/N₂理想的选择性^[64]。

Figure 8. CO₂ vs. Robeson upper limit (2008) Pure gas permeation results at 303.15 K for PSf with different contents and MMM of several fixed 10 wt% fillers: (a) Ideal selectivity of CO₂/CH₄ and (b) CO₂/N₂^[64].

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表 1 通过不同合成方法合成IL/MOF复合材料的相关研究

Table 1. Studies on the synthesis of IL/MOF composites by different synthesis methods

IL	MOF	IL/MOF Method of preparation	Reference
[HMIM]Br	ZIF-8	Solvothermal synthesis	[32]
[BMIM]Br	MOF-5	Solvothermal synthesis	[33]
[rmi]X	Mn-MOF	Solvothermal synthesis	[43]
[EMIM][HBDC], [EMIM]₂[BDC]	UiO-66	Solvothermal synthesis	[44]
[AMI]Br	Co-MOF	Solvothermal synthesis	[45]
[BMI]Cl	Zn-MOF	Solvothermal synthesis	[46]
[BMIM]Otf	ZIF-8	Solvothermal synthesis	[47]
[EMIM][Tf₂N]	HKUST-1	Wet dipping method	[47]
[HEMIM] [DCA]	ZIF-8	Wet dipping method	[48]
C₈H₁₅ClN₂	MIL-101 (Cr)	Wet dipping method	[49]
[SO₃H-(CH₂)₃-HIM][HSO₄]	MIL-100(Fe)	Wet dipping method	[50]
[BMIM]Cl	MIL-101	Wet dipping method	[51]
[mim(CH₂)₃COOH]Cl	Uio-66	Wet dipping method	[52]
[OMIM] Br	MIL-100 (Fe)	Wet dipping method	[53]
[BMIM][Tf₂N]、[Emim][Tf₂N]、[BMIM][BF₄]	ZIF-67	Wet dipping method	[54]
[DPP-NC(₃)bim] [PMO]	MIL-101 (Al)	Ship in a bottle method	[37]
MBIAIL	MIL-101 (Cr)	Ship in a bottle method	[55]
BMIMOAc	MIL-101-NH₂	Ship in a bottle method	[40]
BAIL	MIL-101	Ship in a bottle method	[42]
N(n-Bu)₃Br、P(n-Bu)₃Br	MIL-101	Ship in a bottle method	[56]
AmPyI	ZIF-90	Ship in a bottle method	[57]
EMIMCl	Uio-67(Zr)	Capillary action method	[36]
EIMS	MIL-101	Capillary action method	[58]
EMI-TFSI	ZIF-8	Capillary action method	[41]
EIMS-HTFSI	MIL-101(Cr)	Capillary action method	[58]
EMI-TFSI	ZIF-8	Capillary action method	[26]
[EMIM][DCN]、[EMIM][TCB]	MIL-100 (Al)	Capillary action method	[59]
Notes: [HMIM]Br is 1-Hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ; [BMIM]Br is 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide; [rmi]X is rmi = 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium; r = ethyl or propyl, X = Cl, Br, or I(As a template agent); [EMIM][HBDC] is 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate; [EMIM]₂[BDC] is 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate; [AMI]Br is 1-Allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride; [BMI]Cl is 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride; [BMIM]Otf is 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethansulfonate; [HEMIM] [DCA] is 1-Hexyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide; C₈H₁₅ClN₂ is 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride; [SO₃H-(CH₂)₃-HIM][HSO₄] is 3-Sulfonic acid propylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate; [BMIM]Cl is 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride; [mim(CH₂)₃COOH]Cl is 1-Methyl-3-(3-carboxypropyl)imidazolium chloride; [OMIM] Br is 1-Octyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide; [BMIM][Tf₂N] is 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide; [Emim][Tf₂N] is 1-Ethylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ; [BMIM][BF₄] is 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate; [DPP-NC(₃)bim] [PMO] is Di(3,3'-dipyridyl)methane di(3-cyanomethyl)imidazolium phosphate; MBIAIL is Methylbenzimidazolium ionic liquid; BMIMOAc is 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate; BAIL is Amine-based ionic liquid; N(n-Bu)₃Br is Tributylamine bromide; P(n-Bu)₃Br is Tributylphosphine bromide; AmPyI is 1-Aminopyridinium iodide; EMIMCl is 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride; EIMS is 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethyl sulfate; EMI-TFSI is 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide; EIMS-HTFSI is 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(heptafluorobutylsulfonyl)imide; EMI-TFSI is 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide; [EMIM][DCN] is 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide; [EMIM][TCB] is 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trichlorobenzene.

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表 2 不同IL/MOF复合材料的制备方法和MOF纳米负载的聚合物基MMM的CO₂捕获能力渗透性的比较，膜的CO₂/CH₄和CO₂/N₂选择性。

Table 2. Preparation methods of different IL/MOF composites and comparison of CO₂ capture capacity of MOF NPS-supported polymer based MMM permeability, CO₂/CH₄ and CO₂/N₂ selectivity of the membranes.

MOF	IL	Polymer	Preparation method	Filler content/%	CO₂ permeability/ barrer	CO₂/CH₄ select-ivity	CO₂/N₂ selec-tivity	Reference
ZIF-8	[BMIM][Tf₂N]	Pebax 1657	Blending method	16.8–18.3% IL in ZIF-8; 0–25% composite	104.9	34	83.9	[27]
ZIF-8	[BMIM][Tf₂N]	PSf	Blending method	6	307	26	53	[27]
ZIF-8	[BMIM][Tf₂N]	Pebax	Blending method	5	80	21	58	[27]
ZIF-8	[BMIM][Tf₂N]	PSf	Pre-modified by ship in bottle method	Wide range	310	45.7	130	[30]
ZIF-8	[BMIm]Otf	PVIM/PI	Pre-modified by ship in bottle method		570	37.5	39	[30]
ZIF-8	[EMIM][DCA]	PSf	Blending method	10%/30% (composite—3–30% IL)	8.3	35.51	36.83	[64]
ZIF-8	[EMIM][TCM]	PSf			10.05	56.29	60.43	[64]
ZIF-8	[EMIM][Tf₂N]	PSf			7.36	85.3	64.25	[64]
ZIF-8	DnBMCl	Pebax 1657	Blending method	40% IL in PX—0–32% filler	260	37	70	[65]
ZIF-8	[EMIM][BF₄]	PIL P[vbim][Tf₂N]	Wet impregnation	33% IL in PIL—0-25% filler	340	16.59	29.06	[66]
ZIF-8	[EMIM][Tf₂N]				693.6	12.1	19.65	[66]
ZIF-8	[EMIM][B(CN)₄]				1062.4	12.34	24.2	[66]
ZIF-67	[BMIM][BF₄]	PIM-1 6 FDA- durene	Wet impregnation Wet impregnation	10 % ZIF-67/PIM-1 5% IL in composite 20% in MMM	1300	17	27	[54]
ZIF-67	TSIL				9971.3	7.6		[67]
ZIF-67	[EMIM][Tf₂N]				1200	25	25	[54]
ZIF-67	[BMIM][Tf₂N]				900	28	27.5	[54]
ZIF-67	[BMIM][BF₄]	PI	Pre-modified by ship in bottle method	20	1250	24	25	[54]
HKUST-1/Cu₃(BTC)₂	[EMIM][BF₄]	Matrimid 5218	Blending method	10	32.5	46.7	18.69	[68]
HKUST-1/Cu₃(BTC)₂	[EMIM][OTF]	Matrimid 5218	Blending method	10	37.78	97	24.4	[68]
HKUST-1	[EMIM][Tf₂N]	PI	Pre-modified by ship in bottle method	10	1101.6	29.3	27.1	[69]
NH₂-MIL-101(Cr)	[NH₂bim][Tf₂N]	PIM-1	Solvothermal synthesis	5	2979	-	37	[70]
UiO-66	IL-ClO₄	PU	Solvothermal synthesis	30	-	15.3	24.4	[71]
UiO-66	IL-ClO₄	PU	Solvothermal synthesis	50	-	32.3	18.3	[71]
Notes: Pebax 1657 is Poly (ether-block-amide) resin-1657; PSf is Polysulfone; Pebax is Poly(ether-block-amide); PVIM is Poly(N-vinylimidazole) ; PI is Polyimide; PILis Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide); P[vbim][Tf₂N] is Poly(vinylimidazole) bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide; PIM-1 is Prolyl Isomerase of Mammalian-1; Matrimid 5218 is Polyamide-imide; PU is Polyurethane.

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