Effects of aging precipitation and microstructure evolution on mechanical properties of TiB2/Al-Cu-Li composites
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摘要:
Al-Cu-Li系铝锂合金具有低密度、高比强度和高比刚度等优异的综合性能，在航空航天领域有广泛的应用前景。在添加陶瓷颗粒的铝基复合材料中，陶瓷颗粒和塑性变形会相互作用，产生大量位错，为强化相析出提供丰富的形核位点。在铝锂合金中通过外加或者原位自生形成陶瓷颗粒有望进一步调控铝锂合金的组织，从而获得具有更高力学性能的陶瓷颗粒增强Al-Cu-Li复合材料。TiB2陶瓷颗粒和铝基体之间界面结合良好，具有优异的高强度、高硬度等特点，是一种工业上应用较多的增强陶瓷材料。目前相关研究主要集中在挤压变形TiB2/Al-Cu-Li复合材料，而航空航天工业对轧制板材的需求日益增长，有必要开展系统性研究揭示轧制态TiB2/Al-Cu-Li复合材料的微观组织演变及时效析出对力学性能影响。本文通过气氛保护熔炼法制备TiB2/Al-Cu-Li复合材料，并结合均匀化、热轧和固溶时效工艺，研究了TiB2/Al-Cu-Li复合材料T6工艺的微观组织演变和时效析出对力学性能的影响。结果表明，在铸态微观组织中，TiB2颗粒和共晶相主要分布在晶界周围。均匀化处理后，大部分共晶相回溶。轧制变形后，TiB2颗粒沿着轧制方向被拉长，产生了大量位错。固溶处理削弱了轧制产生的Brass织构和S织构，回溶了轧制产生的析出相。在175 ℃温度下进行人工时效，欠时效过程中，δ'/β'(Al3Li/Al3Zr)为主要析出相。随着时效时间的增加，到22h峰时效时，T1相(Al2CuLi)为主要析出强化相。在位错强化和析出强化的共同作用下，随着时效时间增加，屈服强度和抗拉强度先上升后下降，延伸率持续下降。复合材料峰时效的极限抗拉强度为562.7 MPa，屈服强度为475.9 MPa，延伸率为4.5%。 TiB2/Al-Cu-Li复合材料TEM：(a) 8 h欠时效, (b) 22 h峰时效；(c) 复合材料的拉伸性能 -
关键词:
- Al-Cu-Li合金 /
- TiB2 /
- 时效析出 /
- 轧制 /
- 力学性能
Abstract: The effects of microstructure evolution and aging precipitation during T6 process on the mechanical properties of TiB2/Al-Cu-Li composites were investigated. The TiB2/Al-Cu-Li composites were prepared by protective atmosphere melting. The results show that within the as-cast microstructure, TiB2 particles and eutectic phases are mainly distributed around the grain boundaries. After homogenization treatment, the eutectic phase is mostly dissolved. After rolling deformation, TiB2 particles are elongated along the rolling direction and a large number of dislocations are generated. The solid solution treatment weakens the Brass texture and S texture generated by the rolling and the precipitated phases generated by the rolling are resolved. Aging is performed at 175℃, δ'/β' is the main precipitated phase during under-aging. With the increase of aging time, the T1 phase is the main precipitation strengthening phase at 22 h peak aging. Through the combined effect of dislocation strengthening and precipitation strengthening, the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength increase and then decrease with increasing aging time, and the elongation keep decreasing. The ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and elongation after peak aging reach 562.7 MPa, 475.9 MPa, and 4.5%, respectively.-
Key words:
- Al-Cu-Li alloy /
- TiB2 /
- aging precipitation /
- rolling /
- mechanical properties
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图 1 TiB2/Al-Cu-Li复合材料微观组织及相分布：(a)铸态组织BSE图像；(b)均匀态组织SEM图像；(c)和(d)分别为(a)和(b)中高倍BSE微观组织和相应的EDS元素分析
Figure 1. Microstructure and phase distribution of TiB2/Al-Cu-Li composites: (a) BSE image of as-cast structure; (b) SEM image of homogeneous structure; (c) and (d) high magnification BSE microstructure and corresponding EDS elements analysis in (a) and (b)
图 2 TiB2/Al-Cu-Li复合材料微观组织及相分布：(a) 热轧态组织BSE图像；(b) 固溶态组织BSE图像；(c)和(d)分别为(a)和(b)中高倍BSE微观组织和EDS元素分析
Figure 2. Microstructure and phase distribution of TiB2/Al-Cu-Li composites: (a) BSE image of hot-rolled state; (b) BSE image of solid solution state; (c) and (d) high magnification BSE microstructure and EDS elements analysis in (a) and (b)
图 3 TiB2/Al-Cu-Li 复合材料EBSD晶粒取向分布IPF图和晶粒尺寸统计：(a)、(c)热轧态；(b)、(d)固溶态
Figure 3. EBSD grain orientation distribution IPF, and grain size statistics of TiB2/Al-Cu-Li composites: (a), (c) Hot rolled state; (b), (d) Solid solution state
图 4 TiB2/Al-Cu-Li 复合材料变形组织分布图和取向分布函数(ODF)图：(a)~(c)热轧态；(d)~(f)固溶态
Figure 4. EBSD deformation microstructure distribution and orientation distribution function (ODF) maps of TiB2/Al-Cu-Li composites: (a)-(c) Hot rolled state; (d)-(f) Solid solution state
图 5 TiB2/Al-Cu-Li复合材料不同时效时间的拉伸性能
Figure 5. Tensile properties of TiB2/Al-Cu-Li composites with different aging times
图 6 TiB2/Al-Cu-Li复合材料TEM图像：(a) 8 h欠时效；(b) 22 h峰时效；(c) 峰时效T1相的HRTEM 图像 (图(c)的FFT图像如(c1)所示)；(d) (c)中T1相附近的位错的反傅里叶变化
Figure 6. TEM images of TiB2/Al-Cu-Li composites: (a) Under-ageing at 8 h; (b) Peak-ageing at 22 h; (c) HRTEM image of the peak-aged T1 phase (FFT pattern of (c) is shown in (c1)); (d) Inverse Fourier filtered of the dislocations near the T1 phase in (c)
图 7 TiB2/Al-Cu-Li复合材料不同时效析出时间段屈服强度增长分数
Figure 7. Yield strength increase fraction of TiB2/Al-Cu-Li composites at different aging precipitation times
表 1 TiB2/Al-Cu-Li复合材料的化学成分
Table 1. Chemical composition of TiB2/Al-Cu-Li composites
Element Li Cu Mg Mn Ag Zn Ti B Zr Al Content/wt% 1.32 4.43 0.39 0.23 0.39 0.27 1.35 0.57 0.02 Bal 
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