Effects of nano-TiC and B on microstructure and tribological properties of laser cladding FeCoCrNiCu composite coatings
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摘要: 为研究纳米TiC与B元素对FeCoCrNiCu高熵合金涂层的影响，采用激光熔覆技术在Q235基体制备FeCoCrNiCuBx (x = 1, 3, 5 at%) 和FeCoCrNiCu-xTiC (x = 5, 10, 15 wt%) 涂层，并选取性能最好的FeCoCrNiCuB0.5和FeCoCrNiCu-15wt%TiC进行分析。结果表明添加纳米TiC与B都会使晶粒细化，提高涂层的冶金结合性能。FeCoCrNiCu(HEA)、FeCoCrNiCuB0.5(B5)、FeCoCrNiCu-15wt%TiC(T15)涂层的显微硬度分别是217.95、343.98和531.65HV0.5。T15涂层室温下摩擦系数仅为0.549，且表面更加光整，磨损机制主要为磨粒磨损；600℃下T15涂层摩擦系数为0.279，磨损率为15.28×10−5 mm3/N·m，磨损机制为磨粒磨损、疲劳磨损和氧化磨损。B5涂层在室温下的摩擦系数最低，仅为0.425，磨损机制主要为磨粒磨损和疲劳磨损；在600℃下B5涂层摩擦系数为0.255，磨损率为6.96×10−5 mm3/N·m，磨损机制主要为氧化磨损和磨粒磨损。在B5涂层表面生成B2O3自润滑相，其在高温下熔化形成低粘度液体，形成润滑膜，隔离接触面，减少直接接触和粘附，是显著提高其摩擦学性能的主要原因。Abstract: To investigate the effects of adding nano-TiC and B elements on the FeCoCrNiCu high-entropy alloy coating, laser cladding technique was employed to prepare FeCoCrNiCuBx and FeCoCrNiCu-x wt%TiC high-entropy alloy coatings on Q235 substrate. The best-performing coatings, FeCoCrNiCuB0.5 and FeCoCrNiCu-15wt%TiC, were selected for discussion and analysis. The results show that the addition of nano-TiC and B both lead to grain refinement and improve metallurgical bonding properties of the coatings. The microhardness values of the FeCoCrNiCu (HEA), FeCoCrNiCuB0.5 (B5), and FeCoCrNiCu-15wt%TiC (T15) coatings are 217.95, 343.98 and 531.65 HV0.5, respectively. The T15 coating exhibits a low friction coefficient of only 0.549 at room temperature, with a smoother surface and wear mechanism mainly attributed to abrasive wear. At 600℃, the friction coefficient of the T15 coating is 0.279, with a wear rate of 15.28×10−5 mm3/N·m, and the wear mechanisms include abrasive wear, fatigue wear, and oxidation wear. The B5 coating exhibits the lowest friction coefficient of 0.425 at room temperature, primarily due to abrasive wear and fatigue wear. At 600℃, the friction coefficient of B5 coating is 0.255, the wear rate is 6.96×10−5 mm3/N·m, and the wear mechanism is mainly abrasive wear. The B2O3 self-lubricating phase is formed on the surface of the B5 coating, which melts at high temperature to form a low viscosity liquid, forming a lubricating film, isolating the contact surface, reducing direct contact and adhesion, which is the main reason for significantly improving its tribological properties.
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Key words:
- laser cladding /
- high entropy alloy coating /
- nano-TiC /
- B element /
- tribological property
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图 1 球磨 6 h 后的混合粉末形貌：(a) HEA 粉末；(b) B5 粉末；(c) T15粉末；(d)纳米TiC；(e)纳米TiC TiKα面扫图谱
Figure 1. Morphologies of mixed powders after 6 h milling: (a) HEA powder；(b) B5 powder； (c) T15 powder; (d) nano-TiC; (e) EDS mapping results of nano-TiC TiKα
图 2 激光熔覆纳米TiC与B高熵合金涂层 XRD 图谱
Figure 2. XRD patterns of the laser cladded nano-TiC and B high-entropy alloy coatings
图 3 高熵合金涂层的整体形貌：(a) HEA涂层；(b) B5涂层；(c)T15涂层
Figure 3. Overall morphology of high entropy alloy coating: (a) HEA coating; (b) B5 coating; (c)T15 coating
图 4 HEA与B5涂层微观组织： (a) HEA涂层中部；(b) B5涂层上部；(c) B5涂层中部；(d) B5涂层底部
Figure 4. Microstructure of HEA and B5 coatings: (a) Middle of the HEA coating; (b) Upper of the B5 coating; (c) Middle of the B5 coating; (d) Bottom of the B5 coating
图 6 T15涂层微观组织： (a) 涂层上部；(b) 涂层中部；(c) 涂层底部
Figure 6. Microstructure of T15 coatings: (a) Upper area; (b) Middle area; (c) Bottom area
图 8 高熵合金涂层常温下摩擦学性能：(a)摩擦系数曲线；(b)磨损率；(c)磨损轮廓
Figure 8. Tribological performance of high-entropy alloy coatings at room temperature: (a) Friction coefficient curves; (b) Wear rate; (c) Wear profile
图 9 室温下 HEA涂层、B5涂层与T15涂层磨损形貌及特征区域微观形貌：(a1-3)HEA涂层；(b1-3)B5涂层；(c1-3)T15涂层
Figure 9. Worn morphologies of HEA、B5 and T15 coatings in room temperature: (a1-3) HEA coating; (b1-3) B5 coating; (c1-3) T15 coating
图 10 室温下对磨球Si3N4的磨损形貌及EDS面扫结果：(a) HEA涂层；(b) T15涂层；(c) B5涂层
Figure 10. Worn morphologies and EDS mapping results of the Si3N4 ball in room temperature: (a) HEA coating; (b) T15 coating; (c) B5 coating
图 11 高熵合金涂层在600℃下摩擦学性能：(a)摩擦系数曲线；(b)磨损率；(c)磨损轮廓
Figure 11. Tribological performance of high-entropy alloy coatings in 600℃: (a) Friction coefficient curves; (b) Wear rate; (c) Wear profile
图 12 在600℃下 HEA、T15与B5涂层磨损形貌及特征区域微观形貌：(a1-3) HEA涂层；(b1-3)T15涂层；(c1-3)B5涂层
Figure 12. Worn morphologies of HEA、B5 and T15 coatings in 600℃: (a1-3) HEA coating;(b1-3) T15 coating; (c1-3) B5 coating
图 13 在600℃下 HEA、T15与B5涂层磨痕截面形貌及EDS结果：(a) HEA涂层；(b)T15涂层；(c)B5涂层
Figure 13. Morphologies and EDS mapping results of the cross-section of wear marks in 600℃: (a) HEA coating; (b) T15 coating; (c) B5 coating
图 14 600℃下对磨球Si3N4的磨损形貌及EDS面扫结果：(a) HEA涂层; (b) T15涂层; (c) B5涂层
Figure 14. Worn morphologies and EDS mapping results of the Si3N4 ball in 600℃: (a) HEA coating; (b) T15 coating; (c) B5 coating
表 1 高熵合金涂层成分设计
Table 1. Elements composition of high-entropy alloy coatings
Coatings Element Fe Co Cr Ni Cu B TiC B5/at% 18.18 18.18 18.18 18.18 18.18 9.10 0 T15/wt% 17 17 17 17 17 0 15 
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表 2 高熵合金涂层激光熔覆工艺参数
Table 2. Parameters of laser cladding of high-entropy alloy coatings
Spot
Radius/mmLaser
wavelength/nmPower/W Scanning
speed/(mm·s−1)Powder feeding
rate/(g·min−1)Overlapping
rate/%Protective
gas1 514 1800 4 10.5 50 Ar gas
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Point Elements/at% O Fe Co Cr Ni Cu Ti C B 1 51.09 11.82 8.16 8.75 11.29 8.89 — — 2 45.41 13.45 10.42 10.94 9.92 9.86 — — 3 29.92 31.39 10.26 8.70 9.93 9.15 — — 0.65 4 51.61 13.31 7.44 7.18 7.13 7.02 — — 6.31 5 50.75 11.28 6.58 6.47 6.52 6.36 5.27 6.77 — 6 2.39 31.98 10.67 10.69 11.12 11.51 6.29 15.35 —
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表 4 图12中各点EDS结果
Table 4. EDS results of each point in Figure.12
Point Elements/at% O Fe Co Cr Ni Cu Ti C B 1 51.38 12.52 8.75 8.53 9.56 9.26 — — — 2 54.93 11.95 8.20 7.94 8.46 8.52 — — — 3 49.82 22.81 4.06 4.17 4.28 4.19 5.22 5.45 — 4 33.18 30.70 5.60 5.12 6.00 4.63 4.74 9.86 — 5 55.63 18.67 5.73 5.47 5.43 4.83 — — 4.24 6 51.92 18.79 6.74 6.63 6.71 6.02 — — 3.19
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