种植业废弃物制备生物炭及其复合材料研究进展

林宇豪; 丁焘; 胡宏志; 张胥雪; 刘洋; 刘尊奇

种植业废弃物制备生物炭及其复合材料研究进展

林宇豪¹,
丁焘¹,
胡宏志^{1, 2},
张胥雪¹,
刘洋^{1, 2, 3, ,},
刘尊奇^{1, 2, 3, ,}

1.
新疆农业大学　化学化工学院, 乌鲁木齐 830052
2.
聚合物新型成型装备国家工程研究中心新疆分中心, 乌鲁木齐 830052
3.
新疆农业化学与生物材料重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830052

基金项目: 新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发专项(No.20220264-3)；新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金面上项目(No.2022D01A76)；新疆农业化学与生物材料重点实验室开放课题基金资助项目(KF202206)；国家自然科学基金(No.21561030)；新疆“天山英才”计划项目(No.2021061)。

详细信息

通讯作者:
刘洋，硕士研究生，副教授，硕士生导师，研究方向为化学功能材料、生物质功能材料等。　E-mail: ly2021@xjau.edu.cn

刘尊奇，博士研究生，教授，博士生导师，研究方向为化学功能材料、生物质功能材料等。　E-mail: lzq@xjau.edu.cn

中图分类号: TB333
计量
- 文章访问数: 49
- HTML全文浏览量: 24
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-08-20
- 修回日期: 2024-09-24
- 录用日期: 2024-10-12
- 网络出版日期: 2024-10-29

Research progress of biochar and its composite materials prepared from plantation wastes

LIN Yuhao¹,
DING Tao¹,
HU Hongzhi^{1, 2},
ZHANG Xuxue¹,
LIU Yang^{1, 2, 3
, ,},
LIU Zunqi^{1, 2, 3
, ,}

1.
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
2.
New polymer molding equipment National Engineering Research Center Xinjiang Branch, Urumqi 830052, China
3.
Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Agricultural Chemistry and Biomaterials, Urumqi 830052, China

Funds: Key Research and Development Projects of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (Grant No.20220264-3); General Program of Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (Grant No. 2022D01A76); Open Research Fund of Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Agricultural Chemistry and Biomaterials (KF202206); National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 21561030); Xinjiang “Tianshan talent plan” project (Grant No. 2021061).

摘要

摘要: 我国种植业废弃物数量庞大，其资源化利用具有极其重要的意义，将种植业废弃物转化为生物炭是实现高效利用的一个重要途径。生物炭是由生物质原料在无氧或限氧环境下经过热转化过程得到的固体产物，因其具有高含碳量、高阳离子交换量、大比表面积和结构稳定等特点，在多个领域具有广泛应用。本文对生物炭的制备、改性以及生物炭基复合材料在不同领域的应用进行了系统地总结和归纳，并介绍了由生物炭制备的生物炭基复合材料在吸附、催化、缓释肥料、储能、传感以及电磁干扰(EMI)屏蔽等领域的重要应用价值。
- 种植业废弃物 /
- 生物炭 /
- 复合材料 /
- 制备和改性 /
- 可持续发展
Abstract: The quantity of plantation waste in China is huge, its resource utilization is of great significance, and the conversion of plantation waste into biochar is an important way to realize efficient utilization. Biochar is a solid product obtained by thermal conversion of biomass raw materials in an oxygen-free or oxygen-limited environment, which has a wide range of applications in many fields due to its high carbon content, high cation exchange capacity, large specific surface area and stable structure. In this paper, the preparation and modification of biochar as well as the application of biochar-based composites in different fields are systematically summarized and generalized. Furthermore, the important application value of biochar-based composites prepared from biochar in the fields of adsorption, catalysis, slow-release fertilizers, energy storage, sensing, and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding are introduced.
- Plantation waste /
- Biochar /
- Composites /
- Preparation and modification /
- Sustainable development

HTML全文

图 1 种植业废弃物用于制备生物炭

Figure 1. Planting waste for the preparation of biochar

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图 2 生物炭的改性方法

Figure 2. Modification methods of biochar

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图 3 N、P的吸附机制^[43]

Figure 3. Adsorption mechanism of N and P^[43]

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图 4 BC/TiO₂和BC/ZnO在光照条件下光降解MO和MB的机制^[48]

Figure 4. Mechanisms of photodegradation of MO and MB by BC/TiO₂ and BC/ZnO under light irradiation^[48]

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图 5 纳米SiO₂-淀粉-聚乙烯醇生物炭包膜尿素缓释肥料的制备与表征^[51]

Figure 5. Preparation and characterization of nano-SiO₂-starch-polyvinyl alcohol biochar coated urea slow-release fertilizer^[51]

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图 6 棉花秸秆生物炭作为直接碳固体氧化物燃料电池原料实现高效电、气联产^[59]

Figure 6. Cotton straw biochar as a direct carbon solid oxide fuel cell raw material to achieve efficient electricity and gas co-production^[59]

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图 7 构筑甘蔗渣生物炭电化学传感器用于测定Cu^2+[63]

Figure 7. Construction of bagasse biochar electrochemical sensor for the determination of Cu^2+[63]

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图 8 旱芹茎秆生物炭/MnFe₂O₄@C复合材料电磁吸收机制示意图^[68]

Figure 8. Schematic view of electromagnetic absorption mechanisms of Apium-derived biochar/MnFe₂O₄@C composite^[68]

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表 1 生物炭的制备方法及其优缺点

Table 1. Preparation methods of biochar and their advantages and disadvantages

生物炭的制备方法	优点	缺点
热解	-慢速热解生物炭产量较高；快速热解反应时间短，生物油产量高。 -热解过程可根据预期结果优化。 -热解对原料类型和运行条件灵活性强。	-能耗高。 -慢速热解反应时间长。 -快速热解生物炭产量较低。
气化	-产物生物炭具有更好的物化特性。 -产生各种高能值气体产品。	-目标产物通常为气态，生物炭产量低。 -反应温度高，能耗高。
水热炭化	-可直接处理含水量较高的原料。 -反应条件温和，节能环保。 -生物炭产量通常较高。	-反应时间长，在封闭容器中反应，不够灵活。 -消耗水量大，产生大量复杂的水相。
微波热解	-加热均匀、能量利用率高、反应时间短。 -相比传统热解，生物炭品质更高，比表面积和孔隙率更大，微孔分布均匀且非常干净。	-若原料吸波能力低，则能量转化效率低。 -微波环境中，温度测量和控制非常困难。 -微波泄漏风险。

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表 2 生物炭改性方法比较

Table 2. Comparison of biochar modification methods

生物炭改性方法	特点
酸改性	-除去生物炭中的杂质。 -向生物炭表面引入酸性官能团，如—COOH、—C=O—和—COO—等。
碱改性	-增加生物炭的比表面积。 -向生物炭表面引入含氧官能团，如—OH、—C—O—、—COOH和—C=O—等。
氧化剂改性	-丰富生物炭中的含氧官能团，如—OH、—C—O—、—COOH和—C=O—等。
金属盐或金属氧化物改性	-增强生物炭的吸附性能。 -增强生物炭的催化性能。 -使生物炭具有磁性。
碳质材料改性	-增加生物炭的比表面积。
水蒸气吹扫改性	-增加生物炭的比表面积。 -优化生物炭的孔隙结构。
气体吹扫改性	-增加生物炭的比表面积和孔体积。 -在生物炭表面形成活性位点。
球磨改性	-增加生物炭的比表面积。 -增强生物炭的吸附性能。 -增强生物炭的催化性能。

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