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三维碳纳米管/硅藻土基多孔陶瓷复合材料的制备及其光热水蒸发性能

李梦涵 魏娜 徐瑞琪 杨泽钰 崔洪芝

李梦涵, 魏娜, 徐瑞琪, 等. 三维碳纳米管/硅藻土基多孔陶瓷复合材料的制备及其光热水蒸发性能[J]. 复合材料学报, 2023, 40(8): 4577-4586. doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20221121.001
引用本文: 李梦涵, 魏娜, 徐瑞琪, 等. 三维碳纳米管/硅藻土基多孔陶瓷复合材料的制备及其光热水蒸发性能[J]. 复合材料学报, 2023, 40(8): 4577-4586. doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20221121.001
LI Menghan, WEI Na, XU Ruiqi, et al. Preparation of carbon nanotubes/diatomite based porous ceramic composites and its photothermal evaporation performance[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica, 2023, 40(8): 4577-4586. doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20221121.001
Citation: LI Menghan, WEI Na, XU Ruiqi, et al. Preparation of carbon nanotubes/diatomite based porous ceramic composites and its photothermal evaporation performance[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica, 2023, 40(8): 4577-4586. doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20221121.001

三维碳纳米管/硅藻土基多孔陶瓷复合材料的制备及其光热水蒸发性能

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20221121.001
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(52002228;51772176;51971121)
详细信息
    通讯作者:

    魏娜,博士,讲师,硕士生导师,研究方向为太阳能海水淡化 E-mail: weina@sdust.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: TB34;TB333

Preparation of carbon nanotubes/diatomite based porous ceramic composites and its photothermal evaporation performance

Funds: National Natural Science Foundation of China (52002228; 51772176; 51971121)
  • 摘要: 界面型光蒸汽转化技术为从海水和废水中提取淡水提供了一种高效、可持续的策略,以有效应对水资源短缺危机。本文以天然硅藻土为主要原料、CaCO3为造孔剂,采用注浆成型工艺,制备硅藻土基多孔陶瓷,并将多壁碳纳米管与海藻酸钠混合凝胶涂覆到陶瓷表面,制备出碳纳米管/硅藻土基多孔陶瓷复合材料。结果表明:硅藻土基多孔陶瓷具有三维连通的多孔结构,孔径主要分布在10~30 µm。当CaCO3质量分数为50wt%时,孔隙率可达73.2%。得益于多孔结构的多重散射效应及亲水性、碳纳米管优异的光热转换能力,一个太阳光强下,蒸发器蒸发速率和能量转化效率最高可达2.07 kg·m−2·h−1和95.6%,对于海水和废水可实现接近100%的离子截留率,并具有良好的循环稳定性,在海水淡化领域具有广阔的应用潜力。

     

  • 图  1  三维碳纳米管/硅藻土基多孔陶瓷复合材料的制备流程图

    SC/CNTs—Carbon nanotubes/diatomite based porous ceramic composites

    Figure  1.  Schematic illustration of the fabrication process of 3D diatomite based porous ceramic/carbon nanotubes composites

    图  2  硅藻土基多孔陶瓷(SC)的XRD图谱

    Figure  2.  XRD pattern of diatomite based porous ceramics (SC)

    图  3  硅藻土粉末 ((a)~(c)) 及SC-5样品 ((d)~(f)) 的SEM图像

    Figure  3.  SEM images of diatomite powder ((a)-(c)) and SC-5 sample ((d)-(f))

    图  4  SC-5的TG和DTG曲线

    Figure  4.  TG and DTG curves of SC-5

    图  5  所制备样品孔隙率(a)、孔径分布(b)、质量损失曲线(c)及蒸发速率和蒸发效率图(d)

    dV/dlgD—Rate of change in pore volume between pore segments

    Figure  5.  Samples prepared porosity (a), pore size distribution (b), mass change curves (c) and evaporation rates and efficiency (d)

    图  6  多壁碳纳米管 (a) 及SC-5/CNTs-45 ((b), (c)) 形貌图像;((d)~(f)) SC-5/CNTs和SC-5的紫外-可见-近红外图谱

    Figure  6.  SEM images of samples prepared multi-walled carbon nanotubes (a) and SC-5/CNTs-45 ((b), (c)); ((d)-(f)) UV-Vis-NIR spectrum of SC-5/CNTs and SC-5

    图  7  (a) 纯海水、SC-5与SC-5/CNTs-45的表面温度曲线;(b) SC-5/CNTs-45表面与内部的温度曲线;(c) SC-5与SC-5/CNTs-45的温度热像图

    Figure  7.  (a) Surface temperature curves of pure seawater, SC-5 and SC-5/CNTs-45; (b) Surface and internal temperature curves of SC-5/CNTs-45; (c) Surface temperature images of SC-5 and SC-5/CNTs-45

    图  8  (a)不同比例复合材料的质量损失曲线;SC-5/CNTs-45水蒸发性能:(b)不同光强的质量损失曲线;(c)不同海水浓度速率图;(d)循环测试图;(e)淡化前后海水主要离子浓度;(f)净化罗丹明b前后紫外-可见吸收光谱

    yave—Average evaporation rate of cyclic evaporation experiment

    Figure  8.  (a) Mass change curves of composites with different proportions; Evaporation performance of SC-5/CNTs-45: (b) Mass change curves under different solar intensities; (c) Evaporation rates under different salinity concentrations; (d) Cyclic curve; (e) Seawater concentration of main ions before and after purification; (f) UV-Vis absorption spectra before and after purification of Rhodamine B

    表  1  硅藻土基多孔陶瓷的原料用量

    Table  1.   Raw material amount of diatomite based porous ceramics

    Sample Diatomite/g CMC/g Isobam-104/g Deionized water/mL CaCO3/g
    SC-0 8.4 0.02 0.24 12 0
    SC-1 8.4 0.02 0.24 12 2.07
    SC-2 8.4 0.02 0.24 12 4.14
    SC-3 8.4 0.02 0.24 12 6.21
    SC-4 8.4 0.02 0.24 12 8.28
    SC-5 8.4 0.02 0.24 12 10.35
    Note: CMC—Sodium carboxymethylcellulose.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  碳纳米管(CNTs)/硅藻土基多孔陶瓷复合材料的用量

    Table  2.   Amount of carbon nanotubes (CNTs)/diatomite based porous ceramics

    Sample Diatomite/g CMC/g Isobam-104/g Deionized water/mL CaCO3/g CNTs/mg
    SC-5/CNTs-15 8.4 0.02 0.24 12 0 15
    SC-5/CNTs-30 8.4 0.02 0.24 12 2.07 30
    SC-5/CNTs-45 8.4 0.02 0.24 12 4.14 45
    SC-5/CNTs-60 8.4 0.02 0.24 12 6.21 60
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  本工作与相关研究在一个光强下性能对比

    Table  3.   Comparison the performance of this work with related studies under one solar intensity

    SampleEvaporation rate/(kg·m−2·h−1)Evaporation efficiency/%Ref.
    Our work2.0795.9
    Cotton-CNT fabric1.5989.6[7]
    Graphene oxide/CNTs1.5887.5[8]
    All-carbon nanotube hybrid films1.3787.4[34]
    Cellulose/carbon nanotubes membrane1.6089[35]
    CNT@dialdehyde microcrystalline cellulose membrane1.5890.86[36]
    Porous Ni mesh/CNTs2.1394.3[37]
    Hydroxyapatite nanowires/CNT photothermal paper1.3183.2[38]
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2022-09-28
  • 修回日期:  2022-11-01
  • 录用日期:  2022-11-12
  • 网络出版日期:  2022-11-21
  • 刊出日期:  2023-08-15

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