Preparation of carbon nanotubes/diatomite based porous ceramic composites and its photothermal evaporation performance
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摘要: 界面型光蒸汽转化技术为从海水和废水中提取淡水提供了一种高效、可持续的策略,以有效应对水资源短缺危机。本文以天然硅藻土为主要原料、CaCO3为造孔剂,采用注浆成型工艺,制备硅藻土基多孔陶瓷,并将多壁碳纳米管与海藻酸钠混合凝胶涂覆到陶瓷表面,制备出碳纳米管/硅藻土基多孔陶瓷复合材料。结果表明:硅藻土基多孔陶瓷具有三维连通的多孔结构,孔径主要分布在10~30 µm。当CaCO3质量分数为50wt%时,孔隙率可达73.2%。得益于多孔结构的多重散射效应及亲水性、碳纳米管优异的光热转换能力,一个太阳光强下,蒸发器蒸发速率和能量转化效率最高可达2.07 kg·m−2·h−1和95.6%,对于海水和废水可实现接近100%的离子截留率,并具有良好的循环稳定性,在海水淡化领域具有广阔的应用潜力。Abstract: Interface solar steam generation technology provides an efficient and sustainable strategy for extracting fresh water from seawater and wastewater, which can effectively solve the current water crisis. In present work, diatomite based porous ceramics were prepared by grouting molding process by using natural diatomite as the main raw material and CaCO3 as the pore forming agent. Then, carbon nanotube/diatomite based porous ceramic composites were prepared successfully by surface modification of the diatomite based porous ceramics coating with the multi walled carbon nanotubes and sodium alginate mixed gel. Characterizations confirm that the diatomite based porous ceramics have a three-dimensional connected porous structure, and the pore size is mainly 10-30 µm. When the mass fraction of CaCO3 is 50wt%, the porosity can reach 73.2%. Owing to the multiple scattering effect and hydrophilicity of the porous structure and the excellent photothermal conversion ability of carbon nanotubes, the evaporator show excellent properties. Under one solar intensity, the evaporation rate and energy conversion efficiency of the evaporator are up to 2.07 kg·m−2·h−1 and 95.6%, respectively and maintains good cycle stability. Additionally, the ion rejection rate of seawater and wastewater for the evaporator can achieve nearly 100%. It shows broad application potential in the field of seawater desalination.
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图 8 (a)不同比例复合材料的质量损失曲线;SC-5/CNTs-45水蒸发性能:(b)不同光强的质量损失曲线;(c)不同海水浓度速率图;(d)循环测试图;(e)淡化前后海水主要离子浓度;(f)净化罗丹明b前后紫外-可见吸收光谱
yave—Average evaporation rate of cyclic evaporation experiment
Figure 8. (a) Mass change curves of composites with different proportions; Evaporation performance of SC-5/CNTs-45: (b) Mass change curves under different solar intensities; (c) Evaporation rates under different salinity concentrations; (d) Cyclic curve; (e) Seawater concentration of main ions before and after purification; (f) UV-Vis absorption spectra before and after purification of Rhodamine B
表 1 硅藻土基多孔陶瓷的原料用量
Table 1. Raw material amount of diatomite based porous ceramics
Sample Diatomite/g CMC/g Isobam-104/g Deionized water/mL CaCO3/g SC-0 8.4 0.02 0.24 12 0 SC-1 8.4 0.02 0.24 12 2.07 SC-2 8.4 0.02 0.24 12 4.14 SC-3 8.4 0.02 0.24 12 6.21 SC-4 8.4 0.02 0.24 12 8.28 SC-5 8.4 0.02 0.24 12 10.35 Note: CMC—Sodium carboxymethylcellulose. 表 2 碳纳米管(CNTs)/硅藻土基多孔陶瓷复合材料的用量
Table 2. Amount of carbon nanotubes (CNTs)/diatomite based porous ceramics
Sample Diatomite/g CMC/g Isobam-104/g Deionized water/mL CaCO3/g CNTs/mg SC-5/CNTs-15 8.4 0.02 0.24 12 0 15 SC-5/CNTs-30 8.4 0.02 0.24 12 2.07 30 SC-5/CNTs-45 8.4 0.02 0.24 12 4.14 45 SC-5/CNTs-60 8.4 0.02 0.24 12 6.21 60 表 3 本工作与相关研究在一个光强下性能对比
Table 3. Comparison the performance of this work with related studies under one solar intensity
Sample Evaporation rate/(kg·m−2·h−1) Evaporation efficiency/% Ref. Our work 2.07 95.9 — Cotton-CNT fabric 1.59 89.6 [7] Graphene oxide/CNTs 1.58 87.5 [8] All-carbon nanotube hybrid films 1.37 87.4 [34] Cellulose/carbon nanotubes membrane 1.60 89 [35] CNT@dialdehyde microcrystalline cellulose membrane 1.58 90.86 [36] Porous Ni mesh/CNTs 2.13 94.3 [37] Hydroxyapatite nanowires/CNT photothermal paper 1.31 83.2 [38] -
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